Stink bugs
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Green stink bug ( Palomena prasina ) |
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| Pentatomidae | ||||||||||||
| Leach , 1815 |
Stink bugs (Pentatomidae) are a family of bed bugs (Heteroptera). They occur with around 6,000 species worldwide , making them one of the most species-rich families of this insect group . In Europe, 187 species are represented, of which about 70 in Central Europe occur.
features
The stink bugs have a somewhat clumsy build. Seen from above, the body is usually shield-shaped. The most noticeable feature is the enlarged scutellum that can cover the entire abdomen. Some species are vividly colored, for example the representatives of the genus Graphosoma are conspicuously black and red striped lengthways. Many species are colored differently depending on the season. The antennae have five, the tarsi three limbs. Stink bugs have well-developed wings and can fly well. Furthermore, a number of species have stink glands with which they can secrete foul-smelling and sometimes toxic substances, with which attackers or prey are anesthetized.
Way of life
Most species feed on plant juices, which they soak up. Among them, there are some species that, if found to be large, can cause damage in agriculture , such as: B. the grain bug ( Aelia acuminata ) and the cabbage bug ( Eurydema oleracea ). They are also very resistant to some pesticides . But there are also predatory species, such as Stiretrus anchorago , which are considered beneficial insects because they feed on numerous pests .
development
The females usually lay their eggs in small groups on the forage plants. The larvae that hatch from this usually live gregariously, staying together through aggregation pheromones . When the animals sense danger, they release alarm pheromones that disperse the group. They go through five larval stages. In Europe they overwinter mostly in the adult stage.
gallery
Strip bug ( Graphosoma lineatum )
Picromerus bidens sucks on the caterpillar of a peacock butterfly
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Systematics
The stink bugs are divided into the following subfamilies:
- Aphylinae Bergroth , 1906
- Asopinae Spinola , 1850
- Cyrtocorinae Distant , 1880
- Discocephalinae fever , 1860
- Edessinae Amyot & Serville , 1843
- Pentatominae Leach , 1815
- Phyllocephalinae Amyot & Serville , 1843
- Podopinae Amyot & Serville , 1843
- Serbaninae * Leston , 1953
- Stirotarsinae Rider , 2000
* : The subfamily Serbaninae is attributed to the Phloeidae by some authors .
Species (Europe)
- Acrosternum arabicum Wagner , 1959
- Acrosternum heegeri fever , 1861
- Acrosternum malickyi Josifov & Heiss , 1989
- Acrosternum millierei ( Mulsant & Rey , 1866)
- Acrosternum rubescens ( Noualhier , 1893)
- Aelia acuminata ( Linnaeus , 1758) - grain bug or Spitzling
- Aelia albovittata fever , 1868
- Aelia angusta Stehlik , 1976
- Aelia cognata fever , 1868
- Aelia cribrosa fever , 1868
- Aelia furcula fever , 1868
- Aelia germari Kuster , 1852
- Aelia klugii Hahn , 1833
- Aelia notata Rey , 1887
- Aelia rostrata Boheman , 1852
- Aelia sibirica Reuter , 1884
- Aelia virgata ( Herrich-Schäffer , 1841)
- Ancyrosoma leucogrammes ( Gmelin , 1790)
- Andrallus spinidens ( Fabricius , 1787)
- Antheminia absinthii ( Wagner , 1952)
- Antheminia aliena ( Reuter , 1891)
- Antheminia lunulata ( Goeze , 1778)
- Antheminia pusio ( Kolenati , 1846)
- Antheminia varicornis ( Jakovlev , 1874)
- Apodiphus amygdali ( Germar , 1817)
- Arma custos ( Fabricius , 1794) - Forest Guardian
- Arma insperata Horvath , 1899
- Asaroticus solskyi Jakovlev , 1873
- Bagrada abeillei Puton , 1881
- Bagrada confusa Horvath , 1936
- Bagrada elegans Puton , 1873
- Bagrada funerea Horvath , 1901
- Bagrada hilaris ( Burmeister , 1835)
- Bagrada stolida ( Herrich-Schäffer , 1839)
- Bagrada turcica Horvath , 1936
- Brachynema cinctum ( Fabricius , 1775)
- Brachynema germarii ( Kolenati , 1846)
- Brachynema purpureomarginatum ( Rambur , 1839)
- Capnoda batesoni Jakovlev , 1889
- Carpocoris coreanus Distant , 1899
- Carpocoris fuscispinus ( Boheman , 1850) - Northern fruit bug
- Carpocoris melanocerus ( Mulsant & Rey , 1852)
- Carpocoris pudicus ( Poda , 1761)
- Carpocoris purpureipennis ( De Geer , 1773) - purple fruit bug
- Chlorochroa juniperina ( Linnaeus , 1758)
- Chlorochroa pinicola ( Mulsant & Rey , 1852) - Föhrengast
- Chlorochroa reuteriana ( Kirkaldy , 1909)
- Chroantha ornatula ( Herrich-Schäffer , 1842)
- Codophila varia ( Fabricius , 1787)
- Crypsinus angustatus ( Baerensprung , 1859)
- Derula flavoguttata Mulsant & Rey , 1856
- Dolycoris baccarum ( Linnaeus , 1758) - berry bug
- Dolycoris numidicus Horvath , 1908
- Dryadocoris apicalis ( Herrich-Schäffer , 1842)
- Dybowskyia reticulata ( Dallas , 1851)
- Dyroderes umbraculatus ( Fabricius , 1775)
- Eudolycoris alluaudi ( Noualhier , 1893)
- Eurydema cyanea ( fever , 1864)
- Eurydema dominulus ( Scopoli , 1763) - dainty vegetable bug
- Eurydema Eckerleini Josifov , 1961
- Eurydema fieberi cheat , 1837
- Eurydema gebleri Kolenati , 1846
- Eurydema herbacea ( Herrich-Schäffer , 1833)
- Eurydema lundbaldi Lindberg , 1960
- Eurydema maracandica Oshanin , 1871
- Eurydema nana Fuente , 1971
- Eurydema oleracea ( Linnaeus , 1758) - cabbage bug
- Eurydema ornata ( Linnaeus , 1758) - Black-backed vegetable bug or ornamental bug
- Eurydema rotundicollis ( Dohrn , 1860)
- Eurydema rugulosa ( Dohrn , 1860)
- Eurydema sea Pericart & De la Rosa , 2004
- Eurydema spectabilis Horvath , 1882
- Eurydema ventralis Kolenati , 1846
- Eysarcoris aeneus ( Scopoli , 1763) - Calloused fat paunch
- Eysarcoris ventralis ( Westwood , 1837)
- Eysarcoris venustissimus ( closet , 1776) - Dark fat paunch
- Graphosoma interruptum White , 1839
- Graphosoma lineatum ( Linnaeus , 1758) - strip bug
- Graphosoma melanoxanthum Horvath , 1903
- Graphosoma semipunctatum ( Fabricius , 1775) - Spotty strip bug
- Halyomorpha halys ( Stål , 1855) - Marbled stink bug
- Holcogaster fibulata ( Germar , 1831)
- Holcostethus albipes ( Fabricius , 1781)
- Holcostethus evae Ribes , 1988
- Holcostethus sphacelatus ( Fabricius , 1794)
- Jalla dumosa ( Linnaeus , 1758)
- Leprosoma inconspicuum Baerensprung , 1859
- Leprosoma stali Douglas & Scott , 1868
- Leprosoma tuberculatum Jakovlev , 1874
- Mecidea lindbergi Wagner , 1954
- Mecidea pallidissima Jensen-Haarup , 1922
- Menaccarus arenicola ( Scholz , 1847)
- Menaccarus deserticola Jakovlev , 1900
- Menaccarus dohrnianus ( Mulsant & Rey , 1866)
- Menaccarus turolensis Fuente , 1971
- Mustha spinosula ( Lefèbvre , 1831)
- Neostrachia bisignata ( Walker , 1867)
- Neottiglossa bifida ( A. Costa , 1847)
- Neottiglossa flavomarginata ( Lucas , 1849)
- Neottiglossa leporina ( Herrich-Schäffer , 1830)
- Neottiglossa lineolata ( Mulsant & Rey , 1852)
- Neottiglossa pusilla ( Gmelin , 1790)
- Nezara viridula ( Linnaeus , 1758) - Green rice bug
- Palomena formosa Vidal , 1940
- Palomena prasina ( Linnaeus , 1761) - Green stink bug
- Palomena viridissima ( Poda , 1761)
- Pentatoma rufipes ( Linnaeus , 1758) - Red-legged stink bug
- Peribalus congenitus Putshkov , 1965
- Peribalus inclusus ( Dohrn , 1860)
- Peribalus strictus ( Fabricius , 1803)
- Perillus bioculatus ( Fabricius , 1775)
- Picromerus bidens ( Linnaeus , 1758) - two-toothed thorn bug
- Picromerus brachypterus Ahmad & Onder , 1990
- Picromerus conformis ( Herrich-Schäffer , 1841)
- Picromerus nigridens ( Fabricius , 1803)
- Piezodorus lituratus ( Fabricius , 1794) - Gorse stink bug
- Piezodorus punctipes Puton , 1889
- Piezodorus teretipes ( Stål , 1865)
- Pinthaeus sanguinipes ( Fabricius , 1781)
- Podops annulicornis Jakovlev , 1877
- Podops calligerus Horvath , 1887
- Podops curvidens Costa , 1843
- Podops dilatatus Puton , 1873
- Podops inunctus ( Fabricius , 1775)
- Podops rectidens Horvath , 1883
- Putonia torrida Stål , 1872
- Rhacognathus punctatus ( Linnaeus , 1758)
- Rhaphigaster nebulosa ( Poda , 1761) - Gray garden bug
- Rubiconia intermedia ( Wolff , 1811)
- Schyzops aegyptiaca ( Lefèbvre , 1831)
- Sciocoris angularis Puton , 1889
- Sciocoris angusticollis Puton , 1895
- Sciocoris canariensis Lindberg , 1953
- Sciocoris conspurcatus Klug , 1845
- Sciocoris convexiusculus Puton , 1874
- Sciocoris cursitans ( Fabricius , 1794)
- Sciocoris deltocephalus fever , 1861
- Sciocoris distinctus fever , 1851
- Sciocoris galiberti Ribaut , 1926
- Sciocoris helferi fever , 1851
- Sciocoris hoberlandti Wagner , 1954
- Sciocoris homalonotus fever , 1851
- Sciocoris luteolus fever , 1861
- Sciocoris macrocephalus fever , 1851
- Sciocoris maculatus fever , 1851
- Sciocoris microphthalmus Flor , 1860
- Sciocoris modestus Horvath , 1903
- Sciocoris ochraceus fever , 1861
- Sciocoris orientalis Linnavuori , 1960
- Sciocoris pallens Clever , 1845
- Sciocoris pentheri Wagner , 1953
- Sciocoris pictus Wagner , 1959
- Sciocoris sideritidis Wollaston , 1858
- Sciocoris sulcatus fever , 1851
- Sciocoris umbrinus ( Wolff , 1804)
- Scotinophara sicula ( A. Costa , 1841)
- Scotinophara subalpina ( Bergroth , 1893)
- Stagonomus amoenus ( Brullé , 1832)
- Stagonomus bipunctatus ( Linnaeus , 1758)
- Stagonomus devius Seidenstucker , 1965
- Stagonomus grenieri ( Signoret , 1865)
- Staria lunata ( Hahn , 1835)
- Stenozygum coloratum ( Klug , 1845)
- Sternodontus binodulus Jakovlev , 1893
- Sternodontus obtusus Mulsant & Rey , 1856
- Tarisa dimidiatipes Puton , 1874
- Tarisa elevata Reuter , 1901
- Tarisa flavescens Amyot & Serville , 1843
- Tarisa pallescens Jakovlev , 1871
- Tarisa salsolae Kerzhner , 1964
- Tarisa subspinosa ( Germar , 1839)
- Tholagmus flavolineatus ( Fabricius , 1798)
- Tholagmus strigatus ( Herrich-Schäffer , 1835)
- Trochiscocoris hemipterus ( Jakovlev , 1879)
- Trochiscocoris rotundatus Horvath , 1895
- Troilus luridus ( Fabricius , 1775) - pointed-bellied bug
- Ventocoris achivus ( Horvath , 1889)
- Ventocoris falcatus ( Cyrillus , 1791)
- Ventocoris fischeri ( Herrich-Schäffer , 1851)
- Ventocoris halophilum ( Jakovlev , 1874)
- Ventocoris modestus ( Jakovlev , 1880)
- Ventocoris philalyssum ( Kiritshenko , 1916)
- Ventocoris ramburi ( Horvath , 1908)
- Ventocoris rusticus ( Fabricius , 1781)
- Ventocoris trigonus ( Krynicki , 1871)
- Vilpianus galii ( Wolff , 1802)
- Zicrona caerulea ( Linnaeus , 1758) - blue-green stink bug
literature
- E. Security guard : watch bugs - get to know. Neumann - Neudamm, Melsungen 1989, ISBN 3-7888-0554-4 .
Web links
Commons : Stink Bugs (Pentatomidae) - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Individual evidence
- ^ Pentatomidae. Fauna Europaea, accessed December 27, 2013 .
- ↑ family shield bugs Pentatomidae Leach, 1815 . biolib. Retrieved December 23, 2016.