Cabbage bug

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Cabbage bug
Cabbage bug (Eurydema oleraceum)

Cabbage bug ( Eurydema oleraceum )

Systematics
Family : Stink bugs (Pentatomidae)
Subfamily : Pentatominae
Tribe : Strachiini
Genre : Eurydema
Subgenus : Eurydema
Type : Cabbage bug
Scientific name
Eurydema oleraceum
( Linnaeus , 1758)
Cabbage bug with a red color
Cabbage bugs when mating
Cabbage bug nymph in the last stage

The cabbage bug ( Eurydema oleraceum ( Linnaeus , 1758), Syn . : E. oleracea , 1758, E. lineola lineola ( Barensprung , 1859), E. lineola nevadensis ( Lindberg , 1932), E. consobrina ( Puton , 1871)) is a European stink bug species of the genus Eurydema .

description

features

Like other bugs of the genus Eurydema , the cabbage bug comes in very different colors. It is drawn beige-black, yellow to orange-black or red-black and otherwise colored metallic blue or green. The underside of the insect is initially white to light yellowish, and after winter it is black in color. The cabbage bug reaches body lengths between (6 to) 7 and 9 mm. The first generation south of the Alps is 6 to 7 mm smaller than in the north. There are always two generations in Italy.

Way of life

All bugs of the genus Eurydema usually only develop one generation per year. After wintering, mating takes place in spring from the end of April to the end of May. The eggs are laid in two-row clusters on the leaves and stems of the host plants from June. The larvae develop from June to July. The nutrition takes place by piercing the host plants, whose plant sap is sucked. Once the females grow up ( Imagines are), they can immediately put eggs at sexual maturity. From this, the second generation develops, which is ready for wintering in autumn.

Similar species

Similar species are the black-backed vegetable bug ( Eurydema ornata ) or the petite vegetable bug ( Eurydema dominulus ). Eurydema ornata is 8-10 mm larger than the cabbage bug.

Occurrence

Cabbage bugs are common across Europe. Of the cruciferous vegetables , especially cabbage, are turnip , radish , rapeseed and turnips affected. Other host plants are alfalfa and rhubarb . Occasionally it is also found on cereals and potatoes. The bugs are shy, flee quickly and are therefore not easy to find when controlling cabbage crops. Along with Chlorochroa juniperina , the cabbage bug is one of the few bugs that still occur in the western Alps above the tree line up to 2600 meters above sea level.

Plant damage

Symptoms

The cabbage bug occurs as a pest on cabbage species through its sucking activity . The leaves and other parts of the plant are pricked by the cabbage bug and then plant sap is removed. As a result of this sucking activity, lighter zones are created around the puncture point, which wither, deform and finally become brown and cracked and can fall out. The piercing of the stem leads to corking or also to deformation. As a result, the leaf margins turn darker reddish to brown and this can further lead to curling. If the pest occurs in the seed propagation, wilting phenomena are visible on the pod and flower. The flower bud is pierced, which falls off or the ovule is disturbed, which is consequently less numerous. The damage is exacerbated by drought. Eurydema ornata can also cause comparable damage . Sometimes the sucking activity can lead to the death of the leaves and the whole plant. In part, the damage resembles the heartlessness (missing growth point) of the cabbage heart mosquito . With cauliflower , punctures lead to uneven growth of individual flower parts, which causes "bumps" to form. Flowers turn brown to purple-red at the puncture points. According to Crüger, most damage occurs between May and July. Austrian observations confirm a second generation that is more harmful.

Countermeasures

Treatments with agents that have an effect against sucking insects are possible. It should be noted that the bugs can migrate from neighboring pastures and often only infect the populations at the edge of the field. Partial treatment of larger fields is sufficient. The cabbage bug occurs increasingly on small plots. Treatment is only really worthwhile every few years if it is very severe. Treatments can be made with the active ingredients pyrethrins and dimethoate or with compounds from the group of pyrethroids . In Austria, culture protection nets are also recommended to keep the bed bugs away from cabbage crops.

Web links

Commons : Kohlwanze ( Eurydema oleraceum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ J. actuating drive and JM Vela: Un nuevo Eurydema Lp. ibérico (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) in: Orsis , No. 3, 1988, pp. 133-143
  2. ^ A b M. Chinery, I. Jung and D. Jung: Parey's book of insects: a field guide of European insects , 3rd edition, Parey, Hamburg + Berlin 1993, pp. 72–73
  3. ↑ a b c d e f G. Crüger: Plant protection in vegetable cultivation , 3rd edition, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1991, pp. 54-55
  4. ^ A b c R. Fritzsche, R. Keilbach, H. Thiele: The plant, storage and material pests of Central Europe with references to countermeasures , Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1994, pp. 124 + 535
  5. ↑ a b c A. Pollini: La difesa delle piante da orto - sintomi, diagnosi e terapia , 4th edition, Edagricole, Milano 2008, pp. 106 + 107, ISBN 8-8506-5296-8
  6. ↑ a b c d A. Kahrer and M. Gross: Vegetable pests - detection, way of life, control , 1st edition, AV-Druck GmbH, Vienna 2002, pp. 40–41, ISBN 3-7040-1569-5
  7. ↑ a b A. Pollini: Manuale di entomologia applicata , Edagricole, 2006, p. 105, ISBN 8-8506-3954-6
  8. ↑ FP Keppen: contributions to the knowledge of the harmful insects Russia , Master's thesis, 1858, p 76
  9. ^ E. Grünbacher and B. Kromb: Investigations on the occurrence of wheat bugs (Scutelleridae, Pentatomidae; Heteroptera) in organic farming of Eastern Austria , from: 1st Scientific Conference within the framework of the 8th European Summer Academy on Organic Farming, Lednice na Moravě, Czech Republic, September 3–5, 2008 , Organic e-prints, 2008
  10. ^ W. Tischler: On the ecology of the most important pentatomids occurring in Germany on grain II. , Kiel branch of the Biological Reichsanstalt, 1939, pp. 251-278
  11. ^ AB Frank: The animal parasitic diseases of the plants , reprint, Biblio Bazaar, 2009, p. 188, ISBN 1-1107-1402-5
  12. ↑ SM Mani: Ecology and biogeography of high altitude insects , Volume 4 of the Entomologica series, Springer, 1986, p. 289, ISBN 9-0619-3114-2
  13. ↑ E. Meyer et al .: Taschenbuch des Pflanzenarzt , 45th volume, Landwirtschaftsverlag GmbH, Münster-Hiltrup 1996, p. 149

literature

  • Ekkehard Wachmann, Albert Melber, Jürgen Deckert: Bugs. Volume 4: Pentatomomorpha II: Pentatomoidea: Cydnidae, Thyreocoridae, Plataspidae, Acanthosomatidae, Scutelleridae, Pentatomidae. (= The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life. 81st part). Goecke & Evers, Keltern 2008, pp. 175–176. ISBN 978-3-937783-36-9 .