Nanoose
The Nanoose , Nanoose First Nation or Sna-Naw-As First Nation are one of the Canadian First Nations in the province of British Columbia and belong to the group of coastal Salish . They live as one of the 19 Salish tribes on the island in the southeast of Vancouver Island around Nanaimo , on Nanoose Bay and speak a dialect of the coastal Salish , the Hul'qumi'num . They are the northern neighbors of the Snuneymuxw and the southern of the Qualicum .
The Nanoose are one of the five members of the Te`Mexw Treaty Association , which, in addition to the Nanoose, include Beecher Bay , Malahat , Songhees and T'sou-ke .
The name is derived from the Icelandic Halkomelem word Nuas and means "to push forward" or "to push in", which refers to the shape of Nanoose Bay. In August 2009, 224 people were registered as relatives of nanoosis.
history
Originally the Nanoose were part of the Snuneymuxw. As with all coastal Salish , society was divided into three groups, the hereditary nobility, the main group of simple tribesmen, and slaves - generally prisoners of war.
The salmon was at the center of the fishery, followed by hunting and gathering. Dried salmon was an important commodity. The myth of the Orca , who robbed the tribe of all salmon, and against the creator of the Thunderbird sent out to kill him, is symptomatic of the indispensability of salmon catches.
First contacts with whites
Like many members of the Pacific peoples, nanoosis was decimated by severe epidemics around 1800.
Reservations
The Nanoose own a reserve of 53.4 hectares on the south bank of Nanoose Bay, near the city of Lantzville . The reserve on the south side of Nanoose Bay was assigned to them by the Joint Reserve Commission in 1876 . There the tribe built two long houses, which were destroyed in 1928. Today they share the longhouse in Nanaimo with the Snuneymuxw.
When the McKenna-McBride Commission visited the reservations from 1913, they suggested that the reservation of the "Nanoose Tribe", "Nanoose, 209.00 acres" should remain. However, the Commission's proposals did not become legally binding until 1923.
In March 2010, 149 nanooses lived in 65 houses within the reserve, 8 in other reserves, and a further 69 lived outside. A total of 226 people were registered as nanooses.
Current situation
Historical legacy
In October 1993, archaeologists John Dewhirst and Kevin Twohig investigated a site in Craig Bay (named after one of the first settler families). Since December 9, 1994, when the government permission to Intrawest gave the place a total of 14 ha ablate they need for 7.8 million CAD had bought the Nanoose fighting for their burial sites in Craig Bay, the spiritual high , but also of archaeological and historical value. In 1995 a first report was published, A Review of the Native Indian History of the Craig Bay Area , Parksville, BC It is about up to 1,200 graves with far more than 10,000 artefacts, making it the largest burial site in the entire province of British Columbia. In 1995 around 400 had already been excavated, but the Nanoose asked for a say, including in the excavation campaigns. The problem is of very fundamental importance also from an economic point of view. At around 23,000 archaeologically significant sites in British Columbia, around 400 permits are issued annually for construction work. Therefore conflicts arise very often, because the majority of the sources on Indian history are - often not easily recognizable - underground. Craig Bay was next to Pender Island , where a peaceful agreement was reached, the best known case.
As early as 1995 it emerged before the Legislative Assembly that an agreement between Craig Bay Estates Ltd. and had passed the Nanoose of May 1994. After around four months, the responsible archaeological authority intervened. At the same time it became clear that the Nanoose had received nothing from the purchase price. Chief Wayne Edwards was determined to bring tribal rights to the public. With this process, the Nanoose are one of the first First Nations to have a say in dealing with the archaeological sites in their traditional field. On the other hand, they feared incalculable investment risks. On June 28, 1995, Judge Robert Hutchinson ruled in favor of Craig Bay Estates Partnerships . Because of its far-reaching consequences, the procedure is of outstanding importance.
Another consideration is that many British Columbians are now becoming aware of the history of the region as their own. In recent years it has been recognized that archaeological parks are also of great tourist interest. Studies like that of the Vancouver Island Biosphere Center and their planning study from March 2004 confirm the potential.
Infrastructural improvements
In 2007 a new wastewater treatment plant was completed for $ 4.4 million, so that the fish stocks in the bay can recover. To this end, seven new jobs were created in this way. The tribe also has the Uy'sqwalawun Childcare Center, for children under three years of age.
The equipment also includes fast DSL internet access.
In 2010 a dispute broke out over the Nanoose Bay Forest , a rare biotope that is home to numerous endangered species. The nanoose should get permission to clear the forest, which has been untouched for almost a century.
Remarks
- ↑ From the point of view of the negotiating group, these issues are at stake: Archived copy ( memento of the original dated December 19, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ The published text: Minutes of Decision - Esquimalt Tribe, Nanaimo Trive and Nanose Tribe ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ According to the information from the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development , First Nation Profiles: Nanoose First Nation ( memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ Here is a record of the extremely lively debate before the Legislative Assembly (GOVERNMENT PURCHASE OF CRAIG BAY PROPERTY): [1] .
- ↑ Cf. (PDF, 1.2 MB): Anita Pascoe, Recapturing the History and Rights of First Nations Peoples of British Columbia: A Political Analysis of Past and Present Relationships with the Dominion of Canada, probably from 2004 (PDF; 1, 2 MB).
- ↑ Stephen Hume: Teetering on the brink of extinction. The coastal Douglas fir is endangered, raising questions about why a small stand is soon to be logged , in: Vancouver Sun, March 19, 2010 ( Memento of the original from May 7, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Controversial forest facing harvest , in: Parksville Qualicum Beach News, April 12, 2010 ( Memento of May 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
literature
- Wayne Suttles (Ed.): Handbook of North American Indians . Volume 7: Northwest Coast. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC 1990, ISBN 0-87474-187-4
- Randy Bouchard / Dorothy Kennedy: A Review of the Native Indian History of the Craig Bay Area , Parksville, BC 1995
See also
- History of the Coastal Salish
- History of British Columbia
- First Nations history
- List of Indian tribes recognized in Canada
Web links
- Homepage of the Nanoose
- Hans-Jürgen Hübner: Nanoose (on the history of nanoosis, German)