Riser
A riser is the afferent transport of water, gas, or electricity in or on buildings serving fire protection or supply Technical pipe or electrical conduit - in buildings usually from (often in private connection space lying) each house connection proceeding and the respective main line vertically in the different projectiles continuing.
Supply technology
In the domestic drinking water system, all pipes that are branched off after the distributor and usually run perpendicular to the floors are called risers. According to the relevant installation regulations of DIN 1988 , all risers must be individually lockable and drainable. The branch to the floor pipes must be made at a height of 30 cm above the highest possible water level, if not all tapping points are individually secured against backflow. DIN 1988-3 also stipulates that several houses built next to one another must be supplied via separate risers.
Fire protection
Risers in fire protection are basically divided into three different categories.
Dry riser
Dry pipes are only used by the fire brigade and cannot be used by laypeople. According to DIN 14462, a dry riser consists of an extinguishing water feed that is usually freely accessible in the entrance area. In addition, there is usually at least one extraction valve per floor. At the end of each riser a ventilator must be installed to avoid pressure surges . The riser is dimensioned according to DIN 14462 in DN 80. Other dimensions can be selected if the pressures and water volumes required by DIN can be achieved.
Riser dry – wet
This version is used for first fire fighting by the layman using wall hydrants . Here the extinguishing water is first flooded into the pipe via an electrical contact that is triggered on a wall hydrant cabinet. The required extinguishing water is available up to this point in a filling and emptying station, which is opened via a membrane. According to DIN 14462, the filling must take place within 60 seconds, which can make installation in large construction projects very difficult. This type of riser is always used where there is a risk of frost and therefore a line that is constantly under water is not possible. Dimensioning is not fixed and must be calculated individually in order to guarantee water volumes and pressures.
For a line according to the S standard (self-help) it is required that at least 48 liters per minute are delivered. For a line according to the F standard (for the fire brigade), however, 380 liters per minute are required.
Riser wet
This version is also used for fire fighting by laypeople using wall hydrants. The difference here, however, is that the pipe is permanently filled with water. In Germany, according to DIN 1988-6, the separation between drinking water and extinguishing water is carried out by means of an open storage tank, since stagnant water can contaminate in the long term and if the pressure drops, the contaminated water can run back and thus contaminate the drinking water pipe. In order to achieve the necessary pressures at the wall hydrant, a fire extinguisher pump must also be installed.
literature
- Anton Pech, Klaus Jens: Ventilation and sanitation. Springer Verlag, Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-211-25252-5 .
Web links
- Behavior of unprotected dry risers when exposed to direct flames (research report by the Research Center for Fire Protection Technology, University of Karlsruhe, KIT) (PDF)
- The riser interface between fire protection and fire fighting (accessed on March 30, 2020)
- "Dry" extinguishing water pipe with withdrawals for the fire brigade (accessed on March 30, 2020)
- The safe separation of extinguishing and drinking water (accessed on March 30, 2020)
- KME fire protection guidelines (accessed on March 30, 2020)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hydraulic balancing of circulation systems First calculated and then correctly set. Online (accessed March 30, 2020)
- ↑ Extinguishing water supply in high-rise buildings. Online (accessed March 30, 2020)
- ↑ Leaflet No. 2 of the Nuremberg Fire Brigade Dry riser (s) Online (accessed March 30, 2020)
- ↑ Leaflet “dry” riser pipe according to DIN 14 461 and DIN 14 462 in the Bad Tölz urban area online (accessed on March 30, 2020)
- ↑ Specialist information for fire protection services on fire extinguishing water pipes "dry" (former name: dry riser) Online (accessed on March 30, 2020)
- ↑ Planning and installation manual for extinguishing water systems for wall hydrant systems as well as underground and above-ground hydrants online (accessed on March 30, 2020)
- ↑ Extinguishing water facilities and wall hydrants DIN 14462, January 2007, Extinguishing water facilities - planning and installation of wall hydrants and extinguishing water pipes online (accessed on March 30, 2020)