Nationality principle
The nationality principle as well as the nationality law are based on the view that every nation or nationality or even every ethnic minority has the fundamental right to establish an independent state .
history
The political demand made in the age of nationalism (19th century) to grant “every people its own state” is closely interrelated with the peoples' right to self-determination and the right of individuals or ethnic groups derived from human rights to exist .
The first formulation of the nationality principle is said to have been made by Johann Gottfried Herder . Later remarks can be found among others by Giuseppe Mazzini , Robert von Mohl , Pasquale Stanislao Mancini or Johann Caspar Bluntschli .
For the first time, the principle of nationality gained importance under constitutional law through the French Emperor Napoléon III. who made it the motif of his foreign policy and opposed it to the previously prevailing divine right as an expression of the principle of legitimacy .
According to communist views, however, Karl Marx is considered to be the founder of the principle that the modifications made by Lenin and Stalin (demarcation from the “ bourgeois ” nationality principle) became the formal basis of the Soviet nationality policy of the Union Republics as well as the Soviet support for national liberation movements (outside the Soviet Union ).
See also
literature
- R. Spiering, N. Albrecht: Politics at a glance. Cologne 1990.