Pond sandpiper
| Pond sandpiper | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pond sandpiper ( Tringa stagnatilis ) |
||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||
|
||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||
| Tringa stagnatilis | ||||||||
| ( Bechstein , 1803) |
The pond sandpiper ( Tringa stagnatilis ) is a species from the family of snipe birds . It is a breeding bird in the forest steppe and steppe zones as well as the southern forest zones from Eastern Europe and the Carpathian Basin of Hungary to central Siberia and occurs locally in East Asia. In Central Europe it is occasionally a guest bird. It very seldom breeds in eastern Austria, Hungary, Slovakia and Poland. Successful brood was first recorded in Germany in 2012.
features
The pond water strider reaches a body length of 22 to 24 centimeters and has a strikingly slender, long and straight beak and very long, thin yellowish legs. Its body size is similar to the wood sandpiper , but it is significantly longer-legged and therefore looks more elegant to humans.
In the splendid dress , the pond water strider has a cream-colored or pink-gray body top, which is markedly brown-gray and spotted black. The chest is also dense black spots, the flanks, on the other hand, have black angular symbols. The forehead, the cheeks and the stripe above the eyes are whitish with indistinct and fine dashes. In the plain dress , the top is gray, the bottom is white, and the head and neck are whitish. Young birds can be distinguished from the adult pond sandpipers by their brown upper body with cream-colored spots.
In flight the dark wings, the long white back wedge and the protruding legs can be seen.
Occurrence
The breeding area of the pond sandpiper stretches from Bulgaria and Romania over the Ukraine and Crimea to western Siberia and the Transbaikal area. Presumably the distribution area extends to the Ussuri . The wintering quarters are in Africa south of the Sahara and in South Asia as far as Vietnam, Indonesia and Australia. Western Eurasian breeding birds also occasionally overwinter in the east of the Mediterranean, in the south of Iraq and Iran, and on the Arabian Peninsula. However, the most important wintering region is East Africa, where the pond sandpiper is one of the most common wading birds on the lakes of the Great Rift Valley . International as a resting place and significant example of Lake Turkana and Lake Manyara in Kenya or Tanzania and the salt marshes of Ulcinj in Montenegro. In southern Africa, the Okavango Delta is particularly important. The pond water strider is also seen as an errant in Madagascar and the Seychelles.
The pond water strider is a long-distance migrant who pulls in a broad front. The Black Sea , the Aral Sea, the Caspis region and the Middle East are important stations on the train route .
The habitat of the pond sandpiper are open wetlands of the lowlands. It mostly breeds on rivers, lakes or ponds. On the train and in winter quarters, he spends time on marshy pond and lake shores as well as in rice fields and occasionally in brackish lagoons and salt pans. He usually avoids open coasts.
food
In the shallow water and in the mud, he looks for insects , mollusks, crustaceans and similar small prey. Land-living insects are rarely occasionally eaten by it. It picks prey from the surface of the water, from the mud or from the vegetation. Occasionally he can also be seen poking for prey. Basically, he is very lively while foraging for food and often does short sprints to snap at a prey. It occasionally stays near larger birds such as ducks and herons to catch the prey, which they scare away from the bottom of the water. Is outside the breeding season, he often studied in the vicinity of its own kind of food or with other Limicolae - notably the greenshanks socialized.
Reproduction
Pond sandpipers reach sexual maturity in the first or second year of life. The nest is built on the ground and is a shallow hollow. A few blades of grass are only sparsely laid out. Pond sandpipers breed in very loose colonies and usually build their nests near the water or on a damp surface. Laying begins in May and further to the northeast also in June. The clutch usually consists of four eggs.
Duration
Inventory development and current inventory
Until the 19th century there were regular breeding occurrences in Eastern Central Europe, but all of them became extinct by persecution and probably also habitat loss by the middle of the 20th century. Only recently has it started to spread again in Central Europe. There is reliable evidence of breeding for the Narew area and Biebrza in Poland. However, the number of breeding pairs is estimated at no more than three to five breeding pairs at the beginning of the 21st century. In Hungary there is an increase in over-summer birds due to the expansion of artificial shallow water areas due to the construction of fish ponds and rice fields.
The total European breeding population is estimated at 12,000 to 32,000 breeding pairs at the beginning of the 21st century. They occur almost exclusively in the European part of Russia. There are very small stocks in Finland, Romania, Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus.
Inventory forecast
The pond sandpiper is one of the species that will be particularly affected by climate change. A research team that, on behalf of the British environmental authority and the RSPB, examined the future development of the distribution of European breeding birds on the basis of climate models, assumes that the range of the pond water strider will shrink considerably by the end of the 21st century and will shift further to the northeast. Today's and the forecast distribution area hardly overlap.
supporting documents
literature
- Hans-Günther Bauer, Einhard Bezzel and Wolfgang Fiedler (eds.): The compendium of birds in Central Europe: Everything about biology, endangerment and protection. Volume 1: Nonpasseriformes - non-sparrow birds. Aula-Verlag Wiebelsheim, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-89104-647-2 .
- Peter Colston , Philip Burton: Limicolen - All European wader species, identifiers, flight images, biology, distribution. BlV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-405-13647-4
- Simon Delany, Derek Scott, Tim Dodman, David Stroud (Eds.): An Atlas of Wader Populations in Africa and Western Eurasia. Wetlands International , Wageningen 2009, ISBN 978-90-5882-047-1
- Svensson-Grant-Mullarney-Zettersröm: The new cosmos bird guide. , ISBN 3-440-07720-9
Web links
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Tringa stagnatilis in the Internet Bird Collection
- Tringa stagnatilis inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Listed by: BirdLife International, 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2013.
Single receipts
- ↑ Bauer et al., P. 503
- ↑ gm / dpa: New breeding bird in Germany: first pond water strider breeds in Germany. In: Focus Online . July 5, 2012, accessed October 14, 2018 .
- ↑ Delany et al., P. 325
- ↑ Delany et al., P. 329
- ↑ Colston et al., P. 193
- ↑ Colston et al., P. 194
- ↑ Bauer et al., P. 505
- ↑ Bauer et al., P. 504
- ↑ Bauer et al., P. 504
- ^ Brian Huntley, Rhys E. Green, Yvonne C. Collingham, Stephen G. Willis: A Climatic Atlas of European Breeding Birds , Durham University, The RSPB and Lynx Editions, Barcelona 2007, ISBN 978-84-96553-14-9 , P. 197