Pasquale Stanislao Mancini

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Pasquale Stanislao Mancini, dating unknown

Pasquale Stanislao Mancini (born March  17, 1817 in Castel Baronia , province of Avellino ; †  December 26, 1888 in Naples ), rarely also Pascal Mancini , was an Italian lawyer , journalist and politician who came from the Naples-based branch of the Italian aristocratic Mancini family . He worked as a professor at the Universities of Turin and Rome and was a member of several Italian governments as minister for various business areas. In addition, he was a co-founder of the Institut de Droit international and its first president. He contributed to the development of modern international law and is also considered an important political figure of the Risorgimento , the movement for an independent and united Italian nation-state in the 19th century.

Life

Pasquale Stanislao Mancini, dating unknown

Pasquale Stanislao Mancini was born in the province of Avellino in 1817 and grew up in a wealthy, politically uninterested, strictly Catholic family. At the age of 15 he moved to Naples for further training with an uncle on his mother's side. He was a liberal , artistically interested free spirit , a lawyer by profession , who shaped the young man. He encouraged Mancini to develop his own interests and to try his hand at journalism, poetry and music. After attending a high school Mancini studied at the University of Naples law , incidentally, he published in 1836 his first book of poetry.

In 1840, against the wishes of his family, he married the poet Laura Beatrice Oliva , who ran a liberal literary salon in the following years . The couple had five children in total. Their daughter Grazia Pierantoni-Mancini , like her mother a poet and writer , was married to the lawyer Augusto Pierantoni , who was also involved in founding the Institut de Droit international. A family friend was the German painter Karl Friedrich Fries , whom Laura Beatrice often modeled.

Journalistic and scientific activity

In 1838 Mancini became the owner and publisher of the magazine Le Ore solitarie ( Lonely Hours ), founded in 1835 , which until 1842 appeared irregularly, from then every fortnight onwards, and published articles on legal, economic, cultural and humanities topics, as well as practical advice with an overview of the Connected developments in the various states of the peninsula. Gradually, the magazine expanded its range of topics to include questions of statistics, education, medicine, physics or agriculture and its circle of authors, which ultimately made it the most important magazine in Naples and the whole Kingdom of the Two Sicilies by 1848.

Fled from Naples initially with the intention of going into exile in France , his appointment as professor of international law at the University of Turin and educator of Crown Prince von Humbert , who later became King of Italy, determined him to settle there. From 1872 he was a professor at the University of Rome and mainly dealt with questions of international law and interstate conflict resolution. In September 1873 he was one of eleven lawyers from different countries involved in founding the Institut de Droit international (Institute for International Law) and became its first president. From 1884 he played a leading role in the development of the Enciclopedia Giuridica Italiana , a special encyclopedia on the Italian legal system of that time .

Political career

Reached by traveling to other parts of Italy Mancini gradually to the conclusion that neither his home as the greatest Italian government nor the Papal States of the Pope were to guide the Italian unification process called but the politically already relatively liberal and economically-socially advanced Sardinia-Piedmont . After the outbreak of the 1848 revolution, he became a member of the first-elected parliament in Naples for his home region in January until its dissolution in April, where he represented resolutely liberal positions, for example in defending parliamentary rights against the king. He was offered a ministerial office several times, which he refused. On the other hand, he tried in vain to persuade King Ferdinand II to make more energetic war efforts against Austria in northern Italy . After the victory of the reaction in Naples he initially took over the defense of political prisoners from the liberal camp, often former MPs, but then fled to Sardinia-Piedmont in September 1849 under the pressure of imminent imprisonment. In absentia, he was sentenced to 25 years in prison.

From 1860 he belonged to the Italian parliament , again as a deputy for the constituency of Ariano Irpino . In the course of the unification of Italy, he was sent to Naples that year as administrator of the judiciary, where he carried out legal unification with the north, terminated the Concordat and confiscated the property of church institutions in favor of the state. Two years later he served for four weeks as Minister of Popular Education in the first cabinet of Urbano Rattazzi and campaigned for the abolition of the death penalty . His successor in this office was Carlo Matteucci .

He returned to national politics in March 1876 when he became Minister of Justice and Education under Prime Minister Agostino Depretis . Due to his liberal convictions, during his two-year term in office he pushed through, among other things, an expansion of the freedom of the press , a new criminal code , a law on compulsory education and the abolition of the church tithing and prison sentences for debtors . After retiring from the ministerial office in March 1878, he worked as a lawyer. In 1881 he turned back to politics when Agostino Depretis took over the government again after the resignation of Prime Minister Benedetto Cairoli . As a result, Pasquale Stanislao Mancini was Italian Foreign Minister from May 1881 to October 1885. Although he did not initially explicitly support an alliance between Italy and Austria and Germany , he accompanied King Humbert I to Vienna for the negotiations that led to the agreement of the Triple Alliance in May 1882 . He resigned in June 1885 after public statements about the Triple Alliance that were assessed as indiscreet and because of the rejection of the Italian colonial policy he had initiated. His successor in the office of Foreign Minister was Carlo Felice Nicolis Robilant .

In the Italian capital Rome , Naples, Turin and Avellino streets today bear his name via Pasquale Stanislao Mancini .

Works (selection)

Commentario del Codice di procedura civile per gli Stati sardi , 1855
  • Della nazionalita come fondamento del thirdo delle genti prelezione al corso di thirdo internazionale e marittimo. Turin 1851
  • Commentario del Codice di procedura civile per gli Stati sardi ( it ). UTET, Torino 1855.
  • Processo per diffamazione contro il giornale Il Fischietto tribunale correzionale di Torino. Genoa 1855
  • Per l'Abolizione della Pena di Morte. Turin 1865
  • Diritto internazionale: prelezioni con un saggio sul Machiavelli. Naples 1873
  • Sommi Lineamenti di una Storia Ideale della Penalità. Rome 1874
  • Della Vocazione del nostro Secolo per la Riforma e la Codificazione del Diritto delle Genti, e per l'Ordinamento di una Giustizia internazionale. Rome 1874
  • Enciclopedia Giuridica Italiana. Milan, 1884-1892
  • Discorsi Parlamentari. Rome 1893-1897
  • Impressioni di un viaggio campestre (Poems) Naples, 1836
  • Le Ore solitarie magazine (Naples, 1838 to 1847)
  • Newspapers L'Indipendente and L'Eco della Libertà (briefly, Naples, 1848)
  • Incerti voli (youth poems , posthumously 1904)
  • Senza amore (poems, posthumously 1904)

literature

Further publications

  • Erik Jayme: Pasquale Stanislao Mancini: International private law between Risorgimento and practical jurisprudence. Book series: Treatises on basic legal research. (Volume 45). Gremer, Ebelsbach 1980, ISBN 3-88212-020-7

Web links

Commons : Pasquale Stanislao Mancini  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f article "MANCINI, Pasquale Stanislao" in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani , Volume 68, 2007; accessed on March 15, 2016.
  2. ^ Rudolf Lill : History of Italy from the 16th century to the beginnings of fascism . Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1980, ISBN 3-534-06746-0 , p. 206.
  3. ^ Rudolf Lill: History of Italy from the 16th century to the beginnings of fascism . Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1980, p. 214.
  4. ^ Rudolf Lill: History of Italy from the 16th century to the beginnings of fascism . Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1980, p. 216.
personal data
SURNAME Mancini, Pasquale Stanislao
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mancini, Pasquale
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian lawyer and politician
DATE OF BIRTH March 17, 1817
PLACE OF BIRTH Castel Baronia , Avellino Province
DATE OF DEATH December 26, 1888
Place of death Naples