Francesco Saverio Nitti

Francesco Saverio Nitti

Francesco Saverio Nitti (born July 19, 1868 in Melfi , † February 20, 1953 in Rome ) was Italian President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) from June 23, 1919 to May 21, 1920 and again from May 21, 1920 to May 15. June 1920.

Studies and journalistic work

Nitti studied law in Naples and initially worked as a journalist . He was a correspondent for the Gazzetta Piemontese and the Corriere di Napoli . In 1891 the book Il socialismo cattolico appeared , in which he noted certain similarities between socialism and the value system of Catholicism. In 1892 Nitti became a lecturer in economic policy and in 1898 lecturer in finance at the University of Naples .

politics

In 1904 Nitti entered parliament for the Radical Party . Between 1911 and 1914 he was Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Trade under Giovanni Giolitti . In the cabinet of Vittorio Emanuele Orlando , he was finance minister from 1917 to 1919.

On June 23, 1919, Nitti became Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior at the same time. From March 20, 1920, he was also Minister of Colonial Affairs until May 21, 1920, as well as Minister of Foreign Affairs from June 26, 1919 to September 26, 1919, and Minister of Colonial Affairs from March 14, 1920 to May 21, 1920. During his presidency there were great social unrest as a result of the Treaty of Versailles . On June 16, 1920 Giovanni Giolitti took over the office of Prime Minister.

Nitti was in opposition to fascism . In 1922 he resigned his parliamentary mandate in protest against the fascist government. After numerous hostilities from the fascists, which began during the elections of 1921, he emigrated to Zurich on June 24, 1924 . From 1926 he lived in Paris and organized the anti-fascist resistance from there. In 1943 he was arrested by the SS and deported to Tyrol ( Itter , later Hirschegg ). Nitti did not return to Italy until after the end of World War II . As a former prime minister, long-time MP and member of the Assemblea Costituente, he became a member of the Senate on the basis of the 3rd transitional provision of the republican constitution . Nitti was against Italy's participation in NATO .

Works

• Il socialismo cattolico (1891)
• L'Italia all 'alba del secolo XX (1901)
• Principi di scienza delle finanze (1903)
• L'Europa senza pace (1921, German from 1922 among others as The Peaceless Europe and 1923 as Europe on the Abyss )
• La tragedia dell 'Europa (1923)

literature

• Giuseppe Barone:  Nitti, Francesco Saverio. In: Raffaele Romanelli (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 78:  Natta – Nurra. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2013.

Web links

• Entry in the Portale storico of the Camera dei deputati
• Newspaper article about Francesco Saverio Nitti in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Scheda di attività on the website of the Italian Senate