Neomycete

A neomycetes ( Plur. The neomycetes ) is the name given to a fungus which , with direct or indirect human support, came after 1492 to an area in which it was not previously native or which arose there under anthropogenic influence.

1492 is considered to be the temporal dividing line between archaeomycetes and neomycetes, because with the mooring of the Santa Maria in the Antilles a global exchange of people and goods began, which in its dimensions is without historical models. Some authors do not draw the line at 1492, but at 1500, although this does not result in different assignments of introduced fungi in Archaeomycetes and Neomycetes. Africa , America , Asia and Europe in particular were affected by this lifting of spatial barriers . For Australia and New Zealand, authors occasionally use the beginning of colonization as the dividing line between newcomers and oldcomers.

Situation by country

Neomycetes in Switzerland

By 2016, 283 species of fungus had been identified as neomycetes in Switzerland. In particular:

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (also known as chytrid fungus ) and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans , causes of chytridiomycosis (amphibian deaths).
Clathrus archeri (also known as squid mushroom), a mushroom classified as harmless.
Clitocybe amoenolens (also known as the perfumed funnel ), a poisonous mushroom that can be confused with edible mushrooms.
Ceratocystis ulmi (also known as Dutch elm disease known), a trigger of Dutch elm disease .
Cryphonectria parasitica , a cause of chestnut bark cancer
Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (also known as the false white stem cup ), a cause of ash dieback .
Phytophthora infestans (also known as potato rot ), a harmful fungus that has been known for many years.

Known species

Chytrid fungus ( Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis )
Powdery mildew ( Uncinula necator )
Squid mushroom ( Clathrus archeri )
Elegant dog's tail ( Mutinus elegans )

literature

Ingo Kowarik : Biological Invasions. Neophytes and Neozoa in Central Europe. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3924-3
David Theodoropoulos: Invasion Biology: Critique of a Pseudoscience. Avvar Books, Blythe, California 2003, ISBN 0-9708504-1-7

Web links

Swiss Federal Research Center for Forests, Snow and Landscape (WSL): Species sheets of the most important invasive neomycetes in Switzerland

Individual evidence

↑ Ludwig Beenken, Beatrice Senn-Irlet Neomycetes in Switzerland , Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft (WSL), 2016, ISSN 2296-3456 (online-PDF) ( Memento from July 20, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f WSL, SwissFungi: Neomyceten ( Memento from July 20, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
↑ WSL, Invasive alien species in Switzerland, Factsheets, Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Ceratocystis ulmi (online PDF) ( Memento from July 20, 2019 in the Internet Archive )

[Nr.1-1] Ludwig Beenken, Beatrice Senn-Irlet Neomycetes in Switzerland , Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft (WSL), 2016, ISSN 2296-3456 (online-PDF) ( Memento from July 20, 2019 in the Internet Archive )

[Nr.3-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f WSL, SwissFungi: Neomyceten ( Memento from July 20, 2019 in the Internet Archive )

[Nr.2-3] WSL, Invasive alien species in Switzerland, Factsheets, Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Ceratocystis ulmi (online PDF) ( Memento from July 20, 2019 in the Internet Archive )