Squid mushroom
| Squid mushroom | ||||||||||||
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Squid mushroom ( Clathrus archeri ) with witch eggs |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Clathrus archeri | ||||||||||||
| ( Berk. ) Urgent |
The squid fungus ( Clathrus archeri , Syn. : Anthurus archeri ) is a mushroom art from the kind of clathrus ( Clathrus ).
features
The young mushroom first grows as a 3–5 cm wide witch's egg . From the similar witch's eggs of the stinkhorn , that of the squid mushroom differs through pink rhizomorphs . In addition, when you cut through the witch's eggs, you can already see the red receptacle . The receptaculum consists of a short (about 4 cm long) stem that gets stuck in the volva-like sheath, and 4-6 arms about 10 cm long. These are initially connected at the top and emerge together from the peridia. After stretching, they separate and spread out in a star shape. The arms, which are bright on the top and pale red on the underside, carry the net-like divided gleba on the inside , an olive-blackish, shiny and sticky layer of mucus that contains the spores . The squid mushroom exudes an intense and penetrating carrion odor.
variants
There are also isolated specimens with an unusually elongated stem or those with a completely white receptacle.
A long-stalked fruiting body in Namadgi National Park
Species delimitation
Characteristic of the squid mushroom are the intense red color as well as the number and shape of the arms of the receptaculum . Pseudocolus fusiformis or Laternea triscapa can be colored similarly. The receptaculum usually only consists of up to four arms, which stay connected longer and do not curve outward as much. The spores of P. fusiformis are more stocky on average. In Clathrus columnatus the arms do not open in a star shape either; the gleba is restricted to the upper part of the receptaculum. Species of the genus Blumenavia appear like pale forms of the squid mushroom. The arms also diverge only a little.
- Selection of similar species
Pseudocolus fusiformis
Laternea triscapa
In 2011 Clathrus archeri var. Albus was described from Kerala in India .
ecology
The squid mushroom grows as a saprobiont on more or less acidic soils , sometimes also on rotten wood or bark mulch. It occurs in Central Europe in various forest types, often along forest paths, more rarely outside of the forest. The fruiting bodies appear in Central Europe from early summer to late autumn. The strong smell of carrion and probably the color imitating rotting meat attract flies and dung beetles , which spread the spores.
The squid mushroom is non-toxic and can be consumed after removing the spore container and the gelatinous gleba layer, but is considered unsuitable for culinary use.
distribution
The squid mushroom is native to Australia , Tasmania , New Zealand and the Malay Islands , possibly also in China , South and East Africa , as well as on St. Helena .
In California he was introduced . He came to Europe with wool or military transports. The first find in Europe is given in 1913 in the Vosges near La Petite-Raon . It was first found in Germany in 1934 near Karlsruhe , and in Switzerland in 1942 in the canton of Aargau . It was first detected in Austria in 1948. Since then the species has spread further in western and central Europe and can be found today from northern Italy, Corsica, western Spain and northern France north to southern England, southern Norway and southern Sweden and east to southern Poland, the Czech Republic, western Ukraine, and recently Bulgaria and Slovenia it is still spreading. It is also thought to be spread by birds that have eaten spore-bearing insects. The species is not considered invasive in Europe , and there are no known negative effects on native nature.
The mushroom was described as extremely rare in German-speaking countries in the late 20th century, but has now become established throughout Austria and can also be found in many places in Germany. The climate change will favor its spread since it warm and moist habitats preferred.
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
- Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Mushrooms of Switzerland. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 2: Heterobasidiomycetes (gelatinous mushrooms), Aphyllophorales (non-leaf mushrooms), Gastromycetes (belly mushrooms). Mykologia, Luzern 1986, ISBN 3-85604-020-X .
Web links
- Tentacles of horror (FAZ report by Andreas Frey)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c DM Dring: Contributions towards a rational arrangement of the Clathraceae . In: Kew Bulletin . tape 35 , no. 1 , 1980, p. 29-33 , JSTOR : 4117008 .
- ↑ a b C. Mohanan: Macrofungi of Kerala . Kerala Forest Research Institute, Kerala, India 2011, ISBN 978-81-85041-73-5 .
- ↑ Der Tintling No. 67 (edition 6/2010). Retrieved September 1, 2015 .
- ↑ a b c Andreas Frey: Tentacles of horror. In: FAZ . September 27, 2019, accessed October 9, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Annett Stein: Global warming causes foreign tentacle fungi to sprout. In: The world . September 25, 2014, accessed September 28, 2019 .
- ↑ Li Fan, Bo Liu & Yin Hua Liu: The Gasteromycetes of China (A Supplement to Nova Hedwigia Beiheft 76) . In: Nova Hedwigia . Supplement 108, 1994, p. 4 .
- ^ David Arora & William R. Burk: Clathrus archeri , a Stinkhorn new to North America . In: Mycologia . tape 74 , no. 3 , 1982, pp. 501-504 ( available online ).
- ↑ a b c Squid Mushroom. neobiota.at (accessed November 14, 2018).
- ↑ Christof Nikolaus Schröder: Clathrus archeri (Berk.) Dring (Phallaceae). (Status: 2016). In: cnsflora.de. Retrieved September 28, 2019 .
- ↑ Limbach-Oberfrohna: Rare mushroom discovered in Bräunsdorf. In: Free Press . November 19, 2012, accessed September 28, 2019 .
- ↑ Mysterious find on the garden fence in Oberschönau. In: insuedthueringen.de. July 5, 2014, accessed September 28, 2019 .