New House (Schelklingen)

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New house 2014, south view

The house of the court master of the Urspring Monastery, Franz Xaver Schalch, in the town of Schelklingen in the Alb-Danube district in Baden-Württemberg was designated as the New House .

Location and historical significance

New house before 1914, south view

The New House, built in the years before 1717, is one of the few Baroque buildings in Schelklingen that is related to the building activities of the Urspring Monastery and the influence of the families of the noble nuns housed in the monastery. As one of three baroque houses in Schelklingen, it is the most important in terms of architecture and history. Even after completion, the Schelkling population considered it to be particularly “precious” in contrast to the other poor Schelklingen dwellings because of its beauty and unusual display of magnificence.

The house forms a corner house between Bemmelbergergasse (formerly Lange Straße) and Stadtschreibereigasse. The eaves side faces Bemmelbergergasse or the square at the rear fountain . The gable side is on Stadtschreiberereigasse. The courtyard was formerly provided with a high wall. Until 1920 there was a large barn in the courtyard.

history

The New House was the private residence of the court master of the Urspring Monastery, Franz Xaver Schalch (around 1680–1730 ) from Landsberg am Lech.

Coat of arms of Franz Xaver Schalch from 1717 in the coffered field ceiling of the southwest living room on the first floor of the New House

It is assumed that the building was completed around 1717, as the Schalch coat of arms on the coffered ceiling in the southwest room on the first floor bears this date. The court master Franz Xaver Schalch had a coat of arms and a seal. The family coat of arms was awarded to a Wilhelm Schalch on August 28, 1663. This was a clerk in the college of the Jesuits in Munich (Jesuit high school) and born in Markt Miesbach in Upper Bavaria. The coat of arms was granted by Hieronimus Störz, court chancellor of the Bavarian elector in Munich with the privilege of Emperor Leopold I von Habsburg . Mathematically, Wilhelm Schalch should have been a grandfather of Franz Xaver Schalch. The New House was Schalch's private residence and was not originally an official building.

Already during Schalch's lifetime a violent dispute began between him and the town of Schelklingen, which can be traced back to the year 1715, the time the house was built. This building seems to have been a thorn in the side of the Schelklingen mayor and the Schelklingen population. The Schelklinger accused the Hofmeister of having extended his citizenship rights in Schelklingen by purchasing goods in addition to the building of the house “sub titulo civis” (under the legal title of a citizen) and by adding “ultimately all of his goods to the church in Urspring Playing hands ”. It was further argued that "the precious house (...) would hardly send itself to the poor town of Schelklingen".

After Schalch's death in 1730, his widow married the new Hofmeister Franz Albrecht Jehle in the same year. The dispute with the city then continued. Because on July 5, 1734, Jehle sold all of his wife's goods and the “New House” to the Urspring Monastery for 8,000 florins.

Madonna by Anselm Storr OSB (1702) with the original color, which was in the Madonna niche above the entrance to the New House

Schelklingen lodged a protest with the superior authority, but it was ineffective. The motives of both parties were based on the fact that the Urspring Monastery had too little space within the monastery walls to accommodate all of its servants and was dependent on houses in Schelklingen. In the late Middle Ages, the Urspringen suburb with its four houses was no longer sufficient to accommodate the chaplains of the family altars in the monastery church. Schelklingen, on the other hand, endeavored to limit the economic superiority of the monastery and its influence in the town. With the transfer of the “New House” and the associated large holdings of fields and fields to the monastery, the city's strategy of limiting ownership of the monastery in the city was reversed.

On March 26, 1783, the Urspring Monastery sold the New House (together with the Rennhof) to the Schelklingen feudal lord, Count Franz Ludwig Schenk von Castell zu Oberdischingen . He wanted the New House to be recognized as a feudal house instead of the Bemelberger Schlössle by the Upper Austrian authorities. In his submission, he suggested that the Altdorf Oberamt should have the two houses inspected. For this purpose, two master masons from Ehingen were commissioned, who reported on the inspection on March 12, 1783 and made a construction survey. On July 5, 1783, Freiburg agreed to include the New House in the fiefdom of the Bemelberger Schlössle, which had previously been part of the fiefdom.

In the report, the advantages of the New House compared to the Bemelberger Schlössle and the associated upgrading of the fief by the exchange were emphasized. The new house was built of stone, more comfortably furnished and also considerably more valuable than the Bemelberger Schlössle, which was built of wood. The New House was valued at 1,947 fl, while the Bemelberger Schlössle was only valued at 534 fl.

In the course of time the house has been called "the New House" because of its splendor and its baroque modernity. Over the decades, however, this name was lost in the collective memory of the Schelkling population. Later it was named after the respective owner. B. in the art and antiquity monuments of the Kingdom of Württemberg after the owner at that time "Mühleysenhaus".

Current condition

Subsequent construction work changed a lot of the building stock, which was largely original in 1783 and before 1914. Compared to the original state, the house has lost much of its former glory. Misguided modernization measures, probably only in the 1960s, have faded the baroque character of the house, but without destroying the essential substance. The facade, which is structured by different plaster forms and richly colored, has been completely changed, the iron window grilles on the ground floor have been removed, the front door and the entire interior furnishings have been modernized. The barn in the courtyard, which still existed in 1920, was demolished (after 1920, probably not until the 1960s), as were the north and west walls. The two-winged courtyard gate made of wooden boards, which reached up to the height of the courtyard wall (approx. 4 meters high), was replaced by a low iron grille before July 1978. The gate next to the courtyard gate has been walled up for a long time and was accidentally uncovered in 1982 during road works in Stadtschreiberereistraße by knocking down the plaster.

Todays use

The building is largely structurally preserved to this day. It is privately owned and used as a residential building.

The building is a listed building and has been entered in the list of Schelklingen architectural monuments.

literature

  • Immo Eberl, History of the Benedictine Monastery of Urspring near Schelklingen 1127–1806: External relations, convent life, property . Stuttgart: Müller and Gräff, 1978a (Writings on Southwest German Regional Studies, Vol. 13).
  • Immo Eberl, Regesten on the history of the Benedictine Monastery of Urspring near Schelklingen 1127–1806 . Stuttgart: Müller and Gräff, 1978b (Writings on Southwest German Regional Studies, Vol. 14). (= RBU)
  • Immo Eberl, with the collaboration of Irmgard Simon and Franz Rothenbacher, The families and civil status cases in the parishes of the town of Schelklingen (1602–1621, 1692–1875) and Ursprunging monastery (1657–1832) . 2nd edition Mannheim: Self-published by Franz Rothenbacher, 2012.
  • Heinrich Günter, History of the City of Schelklingen up to 1806 . Stuttgart and Berlin: W. Kohlhammer, 1939.
  • Eduard von Paulus and Eugen Gradmann, The art and antiquity monuments in the Kingdom of Württemberg. On behalf of the Royal Ministry of Churches and Schools, ed. from ... inventory (4th vol.). Donaukreis 1st vol .: Upper offices of Biberach, Blaubeuren, Ehingen, Justingen . Arranged by Julius Baum, Hans Klaiber and Bertold Pfeiffer. Eßlingen aN: Paul Neff Verlag (Max Schreiber), 1914.
  • Franz Rothenbacher, On the building history of the city of Schelklingen. In: Stadt Schelklingen (ed.), Schelklingen: History and life of a city . Ulm: Süddeutsche Verlagsanstalt, 1984, pp. 109–112.
  • Franz Rothenbacher, house book of the city of Schelklingen: Vol. 2: House tables . 2nd edition Schelklingen: City Archives, 2015.

Web links

In 1783 the building was surveyed (together with the Bemelberger Schlössle ) because Count Franz Ludwig Schenk von Castell (1736–1821) wanted to swap the Bemelberger Schlössle belonging to the "Schelklingen" fief for the New House, which he found to be much more advantageous . Figure 1 shows the floor plan of the ground floor and the first floor of the New House. Figure 4 shows the side view of the eaves side with the entrance in Bemmelbergergasse and the gable including courtyard wall and barn in Stadtschreibereistrasse. [1]

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The family name “Schalch” or “Schalk” is derived from Old High German “scalk” or Middle High German “schalc”, “servant”, “unfree”, “slave”.
  2. ↑ Eberl 1978a, 350f and ibid. Note 108 and 112. According to Günter 1939, 239 “Schalch the Elder”, Hofmeister in Urspring, should have died in 1722.
  3. ↑ Paulus and Gradmann 1914, 431f (entire volume), 111f (Oberamt Blaubeuren).
  4. ↑ The original coat of arms is now in the main state archive in Munich, signature ADELS- UND WAPPENBRIEFE 315.
  5. ^ City archive Schelklingen holdings A 6, A 42–43, A 48, A 59.
  6. ^ City archive Schelklingen A 59.
  7. ^ City archive Schelklingen A 59.
  8. ^ City archive Schelklingen A 59.
  9. ↑ The "Rennhof" was the residential courtyard of the noble Renner von Allmendingen family in Schelklingen (Schlossgasse 5, now owned by the Tonnier family).
  10. ↑ RBU No. 930; Günter 1939, 81f.
  11. ↑ Today the city of Weingarten (Württemberg) .
  12. ^ HStA Stgt B 57 Bü 1: Count Franz Ludwig Schenk von Castell to the Oberamt Altdorf.
  13. ↑ HStA Stgt B 82 Bü 107; see. on the other hand Günter 1939, 82, according to which the house exchange should not have come about.
  14. ↑ The untruth is being said here, knowingly or unknowingly, perhaps to illustrate the contrast between the two houses more drastically. The outer walls of the Bemelberger Schlößle are by no means made of half-timbering, but of stone.
  15. ↑ Paulus and Gradmann 1914, 431f (entire volume), 111f (Oberamt Blaubeuren).
  16. ↑ Rothenbacher 2015, 313 house number 82.

Coordinates: 48 ° 22 '34.4 "  N , 9 ° 43' 54.9"  E