New territory under the plow
Neuland unterm Pflug ( Russian Поднятая целина , German transcription Podnjataja zelina ) is a novel by the Soviet writer Mikhail Scholochow . The first part was first printed in 1932, the second part in 1959/60. The first edition of the novel (first part) appeared in Moscow in 1934 , the revised version was published in 1952. The complete edition was published in Leningrad in 1961 . Scholokhov received the Lenin Prize for the work in 1960 .
The first German translation was done in 1934 by Boris Krotkow and Georg Stephan Stoessler, and a new version by Nelly Held (Nelly Drechsler) appeared in 1952. The overall Roman transferred Yuri Elperin 1961 into German; Eduard Suslik chose the title Harvest on Don for his translation from 1966 .
classification
The novel was written between 1932 and 1959. Compared to Scholokhov's main work The Silent Don , the political and moral righteousness of the Bolsheviks is hardly called into question. The narrative is characterized by the conviction that collectivization is a historical necessity.
content
The central figure in the novel is the Leningrad worker Semyon Davydov, who was sent to the village of Gremyachi Log in the Don region in 1930 as part of the "twenty-five thousand contingent" to promote the collectivization of agriculture.
Some of the villagers fought on the side of the whites in the civil war , others in the Red Army . So far, only the eighteen poorest farms in the village have joined forces in the cooperative for joint cultivation. Together with the party secretary Makar Nagulnow and the chairman of the village soviet Andrei Rasmjotnow, Dawydow organized the expropriation and deportation of the wealthy farmers classified as kulaks (" deculakization ") and the establishment of a kolkhoz .
While the action against the kulaks found the support of the poorer villagers, the establishment of the kolkhoz led to various conflicts between the Bolshevik authorities and the villagers. Conflicts also break out between Davydov and Nagulnow: Davydov wants to win the farmers over by conviction, Nagulnow, on the other hand, relies on forcing them into the collective farm with threats and violence.
From the spring of 1930, the Communist Party under Josef Stalin opted for a less repressive collectivization policy.
Nagulnow also sees that he has put too much pressure on the farmers. Over time, the kolkhoz established itself and most of the farmers found their way into the new economy. Not so the economic leader of the collective farm, the former middle farmer Yakov Ostrownov: Secretly he hates Soviet power and hides two former White Guard officers in his house who are involved in a military uprising plan against the communists that encompasses all of southern Russia. In the end, the conspirators are discovered and their organization smashed. Davydov and Nagulnow die trying to provide the officers.
filming
- Поднятая целина (Podnjataja zelina, 1939) Soviet film adaptation of the first book, directed by Juli Raisman
- Поднятая целина (Podnjataja zelina, 1959/61, German 1963 under the title “Neuland unterm Pflug”) three-part Soviet film, director: Alexander Iwanow
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wilfried Schäfer, in: Gero von Wilpert (ed.), Lexikon der Weltliteratur , Vol. 4, p. 963.
- ↑ New territory under the plow in the Internet Movie Database (English)