Ngindo (people)
The Ngindo (also Njindo or Magindo ) are an ethnic group in southeastern Tanzania . Their language is the Bantu language Ngindo (Kingindo). Their population was estimated at 220,000 in 1987.
The Ngindo and Mwera have probably only recently immigrated from the south to their present area. Traditionally they do not have a centralized political order and are so-called “stateless”.
In the 19th century, the Ngindo were affected by the East African slave trade . In addition, they were harassed by the centralized and warlike Ngoni , who penetrated the southern highlands of Tanzania as a result of the Mfecane . The pressure of the Ngoni caused the Ngindo and other ethnic groups like the Mwera and Makonde to withdraw to better protected areas on the plateaus. The Ngindo, who had previously lived in widely dispersed settlements, had to withdraw into the bush or move to larger villages. Their settlement area shifted from the headwaters of the rivers Sasarawa , Luwegu and Mbemkuru further east to the area around Liwale and Madaba .
After the end of the raids by slave hunters and Ngoni, the Ngindo became relatively wealthy through the sale of rubber in the 1890s under the incipient German colonial rule . In 1905 they were the first to join the Maji Maji uprising started by the Matumbi . The immediate reason for this was the introduction of a program that obliged village communities to jointly cultivate cotton for the colonial power.
The failure of the Maji Maji cult - whose followers believed that magical water ( maji ) would protect them from bullets - probably contributed to the Ngindo, like other groups, giving up their traditional religion after the uprising and converting to Islam . Due to the neglect of agriculture during the uprising and the loss of population in the uprising and the subsequent famine, their land overgrown and became part of the Selous Game Reserve.
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- ^ Ethnologue.com on the Ngindo language
- ^ A b John Iliffe : The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion , in: The Journal of African History , Vol. 8, No. 3 (1967)
- ↑ Frederick Cooper: Plantation Slavery on the East Coast of Africa , 1977 ISBN 0-300-02041-4 (p. 120)
- ↑ John Iliffe: A Modern History of Tanganyika , African Studies Series 25, Cambridge University Press 1979, ISBN 978-0-521-29611-3 (pp. 54–56)
- ↑ Jigal Beez: Caravans and Short Spears. The pre-colonial period in today's southern Tanzania , Felicitas Becker, Jigal Beez (ed.): The Maji-Maji War in German East Africa, 1905-1907 , Highlights of Colonial History Volume 3, 2005, ISBN 978-3-86153-358-0 (P. 20)
- ↑ Iliffe 1979 (pp. 129–130)
- ^ Iliffe 1979 (p. 172)
- ↑ Iliffe 1979 (pp. 201-202)
- ↑ Jigal Beez: The consequences of the Maji-Maji-War , 2005 (lecture), PDF ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
