Nicea (ship)
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The Nicea was the first German cargo ship to be fired with coal dust .
history
The general cargo ship Nicea was built in 1922/23 with the construction number 63 by the Flender bridge construction, branch ship and dock building yard , in Lübeck-Siems , on behalf of the shipping company Deutsche Levante-Linie (DLL) in Hamburg . The launch took place on December 19, 1922. On April 26, 1923, the ship was delivered to the Hamburg-American Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG), which had acquired the unfinished ship. However, the ship was used by DLL, in which Hapag held the majority of the shares.
After more than ten years of service, the Nicea was extended to 92.60 m by adding a new fore section, with its gross volume increased to 1945 GRT. At the same time, the ship's machinery was equipped with a new boiler system and other modifications to enable a higher speed (see below). On February 24, 1937, the ship was sold to the Karl Grammerstorf shipping company in Kiel.
Submarine escort ship Danube
On March 8 of the same year, the ship was sold to the Navy . This left it in Szczecin Oderwerke for submarine tender to rebuild and the name Danube rename. After the conversion, the ship displaced 4620 t . It was armed with four 3.7 cm flak and four 2 cm flak and had a permanent crew of 216 men. The Danube was put into service on April 29, 1938 under the command of Lieutenant Paul Schulze and assigned to the 1st U-Flotilla ("Weddigen") as a ship. From July 1940 to June 1944 she was the companion of the 21st U-Flotilla in Pillau . From July 1944 she was employed with the 20th U-Flotilla , also in Pillau, and from January 1945 with the 26th U-Flotilla (until February 1945 in Pillau, then in Warnemünde ).
Commanders were Kapitänleutnant Paul Schulze (April 1938 - November 1938), Kapitänleutnant Kaack (November 1938 - May 1940), Kapitänleutnant Werner Weber (May 1940 - December 1940), Kapitänleutnant d. R. Seffner (December 1940 - January 1945) and Oberleutnant zur See Ibelshäuser (January 1945 - June 1945).
On June 14, 1945 the Danube was in Flensburg when it was badly damaged in the explosion of the ammunition dump in Kielseng and then capsized. It was then broken off in situ .
technology
The pulverized coal furnace was first registered for a patent for J. Collier in 1823. In 1831 the mountain ridge Karl Anton Henschel carried out the first practical tests on the process in Kassel and around the beginning of the 19th century it was used for the first time in the American cement industry. After the TÜV later also carried out profitability tests in Germany, pulverized coal firing was initially further developed, but was interrupted again for locomotives in Germany in 1932 and discontinued in 1938.
The conversion of the Nicea to pulverized coal firing was carried out in September 1934 at Deutsche Werft AG in Hamburg while the forecastle was being extended. There is evidence that the old "Neptun" boilers were replaced by two La Mont water tube boilers manufactured by Deutsche Werft during the extension. The higher boiler output, together with the adaptation of the steam engine, increased the output to 1,700 PSi.
The pulverized coal firing system consisted of:
- The Anger coal mills named after their inventor Paul Anger, which ground the coal and conveyed it to the burners via pipes
- Ring pipelines for the preheated dry air and initial conveying air, with which the coal dust was dried and conveyed
- Return pipes in which the unused coal dust was returned to the mill
- Inlets to direct the preheated air to the burners
The advantages of generating coal dust on board were the lower risk of a coal dust explosion compared to bunkering the ship with coal dust prefabricated on land, and the easier availability of the untreated coal. In addition to the larger space requirement on board, the generally higher technical effort could also be considered disadvantages.
Although the statement from 1935 about the pulverized coal firing system of the HAPAG turbine ship Stassfurt can be verified , which according to Schmedding would have been "fully satisfied", the system was not able to work in the course of the worldwide conversion from steam boiler systems to oil firing and later with the triumph of the diesel engine as a ship propulsion system push through. The process is still used in stationary operation today, especially in the power plant sector.
literature
- Erich Gröner , Dieter Jung, Martin Maass: The German warships 1815-1945, Volume 4: Auxiliary ships I: workshop ships, tenders and escort ships, tankers and suppliers. Bernard & Graefe, 1986, ISBN 978-3-7637-4803-7
- Siegfried Breyer: Special and special ships of the Kriegsmarine (I) , Marine-Arsenal Volume 30. Podzun-Pallas-Verlag, Wölfersheim, ISBN 3-7909-0523-2
Web links
- Illustrated report at the DSM (PDF; 382 kB)
- Submarine boats and escort ships
- Miramar Ship Index data page