Nikolai Semjonowitsch Kardaschow
Nikolai Semjonowitsch Kardaschow ( Russian: Николай Семёнович Кардашёв ; born April 25, 1932 in Moscow ; † August 3, 2019 ) was a Russian astrophysicist and head of the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow.
Life
Nikolai Kardaschow graduated from Moscow State University in 1955 , continued his studies with Iosif Shklowski at the Sternberg Institute of Astronomy and received his doctorate in 1962.
In 1963, Kardaschow examined the " Quasar CTA-102" and thus carried out the first efforts of the former USSR in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence . In the course of this work he dealt with the theoretical possibility that extraterrestrial civilizations , those on earth, could be millions or billions of years ahead. He then designed the Kardaschow scale to classify such civilizations. These efforts by Russia to track down extraterrestrial intelligence came a few years before the US efforts. Other Russian researchers in this field were Vsevolod Troitski and Iosif Schklowski , the former professor of Kardashov.
Kardashov became an associate member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , Department of General Physics and Astronomy on December 12, 1976 . On March 21, 1994 he was promoted to a full member. In 1990 he became a full member of the Academia Europaea . On February 7, 2012 the asteroid (39509) Kardashev was named after him. In 2014 he received the Demidov Prize of the Russian Academy of Sciences .
literature
- David W. Swift: Seti Pioneers - Scientists Talk about Their Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson 1993, ISBN 0-8165-1119-5 , Nikolai S. Kardashev pp. 178-197
- Kardashev, NS: Transmission of Information by Extraterrestrial Civilizations. Soviet Astronomy, Vol. 8, p. 217, (1964) @ NASA ADS (accessed February 2, 2010)
- Nikolaj S. Kardashev: Astrophysics on the threshold of the 21st century. Gordon and Breach Science Publ., Philadelphia 1992, ISBN 2-88124-817-9 .
- Nikolaj S. Kardashev among others: Radioastronomical Tools And Techniques. Cambridge Sci. Publ., Cambridge 2007, ISBN 978-1-904868-29-3 .
- Nikolaj S. Kardashev: The Astrophysical Aspects of the Search for Signals from Extraterrestrial Civilizations. in: Samuil A. Kaplan: Extraterrestrial Civilizations - Problems of Interstellar Communication. Jerusalem 1971, no ISBN, pp. 12–58, Online @ archive.org, accessed August 16, 2011
Web links
- Strategies of Searching for Extraterrestrial Intelligence A Fundamental Approach to the Basic Problem bigear.org (accessed October 12, 2010)
- David Darling: Kardashev, Nikolai Semenovich (1932-2019). In: daviddarling.info. (English).
- Kardashev, NS In: NASA Technical Reports Server. (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Умер выдающийся советский астрофизик Николай Кардашев. In: Красная Весна. August 4, 2019, Retrieved August 5, 2019 (Russian, obituary).
- ↑ Elina Gerlinger: We have changed the earth so much that it is now a hybrid planet. In: Galileo . September 15, 2017, accessed August 4, 2019 .
- ↑ List of members: Nikolai S. Kardashev. Academia Europaea, March 16, 2017, accessed October 9, 2017 .
- ↑ The Minor Planet Circlars / Minor Planets and Comets: Minor Planet Circ. 78270. (pdf, 2.2 MB) International Astronomical Union , February 7, 2012, p. 398 , accessed on August 5, 2019 (English).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kardaschow, Nikolai Semjonowitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Кардашёв, Николай Семёнович (Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian astrophysicist and head of the Space Research Institute |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 25, 1932 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Moscow |
| DATE OF DEATH | 3rd August 2019 |