Nikolaikapelle (Soest)

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Exterior view of the Nikolaikapelle
The Ottonian core of the old town (outlined in green): 1)  Nikolaikapelle , 2) St. Patrokli Cathedral, 3) Morgner House, 4) Location of the Old Palatinate , 5) St. Petri Church, 6) City Hall with four building parts from different centuries; lower left a corner of the great pond
Door grille

The Nikolaikapelle in Soest, in the immediate vicinity of the Patroklidome, has an excellent place among the chapels in Westphalia due to its special design . It was around 1200 built in immunity area of St. Patrokli-pin, according to more recent research status but probably not ( "Schleswig-drivers," the so-called), as is often due to the of Soest merchants Nikolaus - Patroziniums was previously thought and design.

On November 24, 1852, Adolph Kolping founded the journeyman's association in Soest in the chapel.

Art and architectural history specialty

The chapel is a two-aisled Romanesque hall church , which ends in a round apse in the east and in a polygonal closed west gallery in the west. The gallery was originally accessible from a neighboring building, which suggests that it was integrated into a larger building complex. Slender monolithic columns with cube capitals are set in the interior, which support the uniform groin vault. The chapel room therefore looks less like composed of two independent naves, but rather like a unified hall with columns, related in the spatial effect of the (three-aisled) Paderborn Bartholomäus chapel.

In older research, the comparison of the interior with a Hanseatic cog can be found again and again by emphasizing "the free sigh of relief in the loosened space" and "the feeling of being in a ship at sea", whereby the two pillars " like two masts of a ship ”, which“ support the vaults with the same ease as the masts of a ship seem to hold the high sea sky above them. ”Correspondingly, the chapel was assigned to the Soest Brotherhood of the Schleswig drivers and had two aisles Hall churches associated with Gotland. This interpretation ultimately turned out to be a romantic idea of ​​the 19th century that was by no means based on an "old oral tradition". Historians see the building today rather in connection with the neighboring collegiate church (Patrokli-Dom): The canons probably read masses for their deceased religious brothers here, which means that the Nikolaikapelle can be addressed as a memorial chapel . A theological interpretation identifies the two pillars of the chapel with the two pillars at the gate of the Solomonic Temple in Jerusalem , Jachin and Boas , which were often used as architectural symbols in medieval synagogues , such as the synagogue in Worms , which was built at the same time as the Nikolaikapelle in 1174/75 .

The original painting of the Nikolaikapelle included a structural system of ribbons and squares on the vaulted surface and painted column arcades on the windows. Only half a century after the construction of the chapel was completed, between 1230 and 1250, under Cologne influence, the choir was painted in the so-called zigzag style with Majestas Domini and a cycle of apostles. The chapel also houses the altar panel from the school of the painter Conrad von Soest , which is considered an early work from around 1400. Depicted are St. Nicholas and the Cologne virgin legend of St. Ursula .

literature

  • Hans J. Böker: The Nikolaikapelle in Soest. Wrong paths of a symbol interpretation . In: Soester Zeitschrift 104, 1992, pp. 25-38.
  • Johann Kayser: The Soester Patrocli Church and Nicolai Chapel with their restored medieval wall paintings. Soest 1863.
  • Eberhard Linnhoff: St. Patrokli, Nikolai Chapel and Cathedral Museum in Soest . Königstein im Taunus 1984, ISBN 3-7845-5100-9 .
  • Othmar Rütting: The Nikolaikapelle zu Soest, its artistic form and liturgical function. A reinterpretation . In: Soester Zeitschrift , 113, 2001, pp. 14–32.
  • Hubertus Schwartz : Soest in his monuments. Second volume: Romanesque churches (=  Soester Scientific Contributions, Bank 15). 2nd unchanged edition. Westfälische Verlagsbuchhandlung Mocker & Jahn, Soest 1978, ISBN 3-87902-029-9 , pp. 180-184.
  • Gunther Sehring: Ordering patterns - exemplary order: on the ornamental content of the windows by Johannes Schreiter in the Soester Nikolai chapel . In: Alte und neue Kunst , 41 2002, pp. 35–39.
  • Gunther Sehring: Order, Simplicity, Silence: Johannes Schreiter's overall glazing of the St. Nikolai Chapel in Soest . In: Art and Church 2000, pp. 210–212.

Architectural drawings

  • Soest-Nicolai-Kapelle-IMG 5195.png
  • Soest-Nikolaikapelle-Grundriss-IMG 5196.png
  • Soest-Nikolai-Kapelle-Grundriss-IMG 5198.png
  • Soest-Nikolai-Kapelle-IMG 5261.png
  • Soest-Nikolai-Kapelle-IMG 5262.png
  • St-Nikolai-cross-section-to-west.png
  • St-Nikolai-cross-section-to-east.png

Web links

Commons : Sankt Nikolai-Kapelle (Soest)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolf-Herbert Deus: The St. Nikolai Chapel on the Kolk in Soest . In: Aachener Kunstblätter 41, 1971, p. 228.
  2. ↑ Eberhard Linnhoff: St. Patrokli, Nikolai Chapel and Cathedral Museum in Soest . Königstein im Taunus 1984, pp. 3 and 6.
  3. ^ Hans Thümmler: preliminary stages of the two-aisled hall churches of Gotland . In: Acta Visbiensia 3, 1868, p. 214.
  4. ↑ Hans J. Böker: The Nikolaikapelle in Soest. Wrong paths of a symbol interpretation . In: Soester Zeitschrift 104, 1992, pp. 25-38.
  5. ↑ Othmar Rütting: The Nikolaikapelle zu Soest, its artistic form and liturgical function. A reinterpretation . In: Soester Zeitschrift 113, 2001, pp. 14–32.
  6. ^ Anne Skriver: The late Romanesque wall paintings in the Nikolaikapelle , in: Heinz-Dieter Heimann (Hrsg.): Soest: History of the city , Vol. I (Soester contributions 52). Mocker & Jahn, Soest 2010, pp. 875-927

Coordinates: 51 ° 34 ′ 17 ″  N , 8 ° 6 ′ 35 ″  E