Nikolaus Wolfgang Fischer

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Nikolaus Wolfgang Fischer , also Nicolaus, originally Nathan, sometimes Nathaniel, (born January 15, 1782 in Groß Meseritsch , Moravia , † August 19, 1850 in Breslau , Province of Silesia ) was a German doctor and chemist.

Fischer studied in Vienna, Prague, Breslau and Berlin. In 1806 he received his doctorate in medicine in Erfurt, where he practiced as a doctor and in 1808 gave chemical lectures. In 1812 he completed his habilitation in chemistry in Breslau. In 1813 he became associate professor of chemistry at the Medical Faculty of the University of Breslau with full professorship in 1814. He was director of the chemical institute, which only consisted of a lecture hall and kitchen (laboratory). This was the first chemical institute in Breslau (1820), but it only offered space for a few interns.

Fischer studied galvanic chains and established connections between chemical affinity and galvanic electricity. He published a book of chemistry tables. In 1826 he published on the chemical effects of light. He described the extraction of silver from silver chloride and the effect of acids on lead, tin, palladium, osmium, platinum, indium and tellurium. Numerous treatises come from him.

After Jean-Antoine Nollet and Georg Friedrich Parrot, he was also one of the pioneers in the study of membrane diffusion, even if the phenomenon did not receive wider scientific attention until 1826 with Henri Dutrochet , who also named it (endo- and exo-osmosis).

In 1812 he found a method to detect arsenic. In 1848 he synthesized the yellow pigment aureolin (cobalt yellow, potassium cobalt nitrite, K3 [Co (NO2) 6], Fischer's salt).

He was originally Jewish, but converted to Christianity with his family in 1815. He was a supporter of the Christian mission to Jews in Breslau.

He was an honorary member of the Pharmaceutical Society in Saint Petersburg.

Fonts (selection)

  • Critical investigation of some phenomena which have been explained as the effect of galvanic action in general, and on metal reduction on wet roads in particular , Berlin 1818, special print from Abh. Kgl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1814/15, pp. 241–288 (later printed as the first part of The relationship between chemical affinities and galvanic electricity , 1830)
  • On the nature of metal reduction by the wet route: prompted by the investigation of Dr. Wetzlar on this subject , Breslau 1828

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Nicolaus Wolfgang Fischer. In: Susanne Blumesberger, Michael Doppelhofer, Gabriele Mauthe: Handbook of Austrian authors of Jewish origin from the 18th to the 20th century. Volume 1: A-I. Edited by the Austrian National Library. Saur, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-598-11545-8 , p. 326.
  2. ^ History of membrane diffusion in info dialyse
personal data
SURNAME Fischer, Nikolaus Wolfgang
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Fischer, Nicolaus Wolfgang
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist
DATE OF BIRTH January 15, 1782
PLACE OF BIRTH Velké Meziříčí
DATE OF DEATH August 19, 1850
Place of death Wroclaw