Niobium tin
Crystal structure | ||||||||||
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General | ||||||||||
Surname | Niobium tin | |||||||||
other names |
Triniob tin |
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Ratio formula | Nb 3 Sn | |||||||||
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properties | ||||||||||
Molar mass | 397.43 g mol −1 | |||||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
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Melting point |
2130 ° C (decomposition) |
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safety instructions | ||||||||||
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As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Niobium tin is an intermetallic chemical compound from the group of niobium - tin compounds. In addition to Nb 3 Sn, at least two other phases are known: Nb 6 Sn 5 and NbSn 2 .
Extraction and presentation
Niobium tin can be obtained by reacting the elements at 900 to 1000 ° C or NbSn 2 with niobium and a small amount of copper at 600 ° C.
It can also be made from niobium (IV) chloride and tin (II) chloride at temperatures below 1000 ° C.
properties
Niobium tin is a brittle solid and superconductor with a transition temperature of 18 K. Like niobium germanium, it crystallizes in ordered structures of the so-called A15 type with the space group Pm 3 n (space group no. 223) , the striking structural feature of which is the short niobium-niobium distances of 258 pm .
After Bernd Matthias , Theodore Geballe , Ernie Corenzwit and Seymour Geller discovered superconductivity in niobium tin in 1954, in 1961 it was the first connection for superconductivity to be detected even at high currents .
use
Niobium tin is used as a superconductor, for example for magnets and cables.
Individual evidence
- ^ G Ellis, Thomas & A Wilhelm, Harley. (1964). Phase equilibria and crystallography for the niobium-tin system. Journal of The Less Common Metals. 7. 67-83. 10.1016 / 0022-5088 (64) 90018-9.
- ↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
- ^ A b Paul Seidel: Applied Superconductivity: Handbook on Devices and Applications . John Wiley & Sons, 2015, ISBN 978-3-527-67066-6 , pp. 109 ( books.google.de ).
- ^ Anant V. Narlikar: Frontiers in Superconducting Materials . Springer Science & Business Media, 2005, ISBN 978-3-540-27294-6 , pp. 704 ( books.google.de ).
- ^ Christoph Janiak, Hans-Jürgen Meyer, Dietrich Gudat, Ralf Alsfasser: Riedel Modern Inorganic Chemistry . Walter de Gruyter, 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-024901-9 , p. 326 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Christian Barth: High Temperature Superconductor Cable Concepts for Fusion Magnets . KIT Scientific Publishing, 2013, ISBN 978-3-7315-0065-0 , pp. 15 ( books.google.de ).
- ↑ Horst Rogalla and Peter H. Kes: 100 Years of Superconductivity . Taylor & Francis, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4398-4948-4 , pp. 661 ( books.google.de ).
- ^ A. Godeke: A review of the properties of Nb3Sn and their variation with A15 composition, morphology and strain state . In: Superconductor Science and Technology . tape 19 , no. 8 , 2006, ISSN 0953-2048 , p. R68 , doi : 10.1088 / 0953-2048 / 19/8 / R02 ( iop.org ).
- ^ RG Sharma: Superconductivity: Basics and Applications to Magnets . Springer, 2015, ISBN 978-3-319-13713-1 , pp. 162 ( books.google.de ).