Noosphere

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The concept of the noosphere ([ nooˈsfɛːr alt ] ancient Greek νοῦς nous , uncontracted νόος noos , "spirit", "understanding", together thus "sphere of the human spirit / understanding") originally comes from the context of philosophy and natural science ; it comes from the Russian geologist , geochemist, mineralogist and founder of geochemistry , radiogeology and biogeochemistry Vladimir Ivanovich Wernadski and was coined by Édouard Le Roy .

According to another source, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin was the first to use the term noosphere in 1925 in an article La vision du passe , which was not yet published at the time , Wernadski first used the term in 1931:

“In 1922 and 1923, in my lectures at the Sorbonne in Paris, I assumed biogeochemical phenomena as the basis of the biosphere ... Proceeding from my biogeochemical basis of the biosphere, the French mathematician and philosopher, the Bergsonian E. Le Roy, led in his lectures at College de France in Paris in 1927 used the term 'noosphere' as the modern stage that the biosphere geologically experiences. He emphasized that he had come to this idea together with his friend, the eminent geologist and paleontologist Teilhard de Chardin "

The term noosphere experienced a Christian appropriation and reinterpretation beginning with the writings of the theologian Pierre Teilhard de Chardin from 1922 in his cosmogenesis . In the Christian theology of de Chardin, which experienced an international Christian utilization and dissemination, the noosphere denotes a phase of spiritual development in which humanity grows together to a spirit in or with Jesus Christ , i.e. H. to the worldwide uniform religion Christianity. Teilhard de Chardin describes this as the goal of Christianity history with a trinitarian conception of God . Le Roy and Teilhard de Chardin both attended lectures by Vladimir Ivanovich Wernadski in 1922.

The Russian geologist Vladimir Ivanovich Wernadski only used his term again from 1937, most extensively in the work The scientific thought as a planetary phenomenon ( Научная мысль как планетное явление ). This article should be part of his great life's work The chemical structure of the earth's biosphere and its environment ( Химическое строение биосферы Земли и ее окружения ). Due to the suppression or separation of philosophies and sciences during the Cold War , his work did not appear in Russian until 1977, where he again describes the evolutionary transformation of the biosphere into a sphere of human reason - the noosphere ( cosmology ).

In more recent times, the concept of the noosphere has been revitalized by media theorists and pioneers of the open source movement and given a changed, de-theologized meaning that is based more on Wernadski than on de Chardin.

For further development and use of the term in the rank of development:

  • Wladimir Iwanowitsch Wernadski (Russian geologist, geochemist and mineralogist, one of the founders of geochemistry, radiogeology and biogeochemistry), (1863-1945)
  • Édouard Le Roy (1870–1954) (French philosopher and mathematician), Les origines humaines et l'evolution de l'intelligence (Paris, 1928 )
  • Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (Catholic theologian, geologist and paleontologist), (1881–1955)
  • In recent times, media theorists and thought leaders of the open source movement are developing the term further, based on the origins of Wernadski and, in particular, de-Christianized and de-theologized.
    • Marshall McLuhan describes the noosphere as a “cosmic membrane that has spread around the globe through the electrical expansion of our various senses”, ie “a technical brain for the world”. McLuhan received the concept of the noosphere through the Jesuit and media scientist Walter Ong von Teilhard de Chardin (according to Krüger's analysis).
    • Eric S. Raymond uses the term noosphere in his essay Homesteading the Noosphere , in which he discusses problems of project management in open source. Raymond describes the noosphere as "the space of all thinkable thoughts"; with Faré Rideau he also differentiates between noosphere ( noosphere ) and ergosphere ( ergosphere ) (cf. [1] ).

See also

Web links

Wiktionary: Noosphere  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

literature

  • Elisabeth Hödl: The Noosphere as a Frame of Reference for the Law , In: Schweighofer / Kummer / Hötzendorfer (Ed.): Transformation juristischer Sprachen, proceedings of the 15th International Legal Informatics Symposium, 2012, pp. 639–648.
  • Oliver Krüger : Gaia, God, and the Internet - revisited. The History of Evolution and the Utopia of Community in Media Society. In: Online - Heidelberg Journal for Religions on the Internet 8 (2015), online text .
  • Georgy S. Levit: Biogeochemistry, Biosphere, Noosphere: The Growth of the Theoretical System of Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (1863-1945) ("Studies on the theory of biology"; Vol. 4; Ed. By Olaf Breidbach and Michael Weingarten). Berlin: VWB, 2001 online catalog , ISBN 3-86135-351-2 - also Oldenburg Univ. Dissertation 2000 online text
  • Georgy S. Levit: The Biosphere and the Noosphere Theories of VI Vernadsky and P. Teilhard de Chardin: A Methodological Essay . International Archives on the History of Science / Archives Internationales D'Histoire des Sciences, 50 (144) - 2000: pp. 160-176. online text ( memento from January 11, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
  • Eric Steven Raymond : The Cathedral and the Bazaar . includes The Cathedral and the Bazaar , Homesteading the Noosphere ( online text ), The Magic Cauldron and Revenge of the Hackers , among others . O'Reilly: 2001. ISBN 0596001088
  • E. LeRoy: Les origines humaines et l'evolution de l'intelligence . Paris, 1928
  • Paul R. Samson, David Pitt (Eds.): The Biosphere and Noosphere Reader: Global Environment, Society and Change . ISBN 0-415-16644-6
  • Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadski : Biosphere . 1926
  • Vladimir Ivanovich Wernadski: Some words about noosphere . 1944

swell

  1. ↑ Vladimir I. Vernadsky: Man in the biosphere. To the natural history of reason . Edited by Wolfgang Hofkirchner. Frankfurt, 1997
  2. ↑ Vladimir I. Vernadsky: Man in the biosphere. To the natural history of reason . Edited by Wolfgang Hofkirchner. Frankfurt, 1997, p. 11f
  3. ^ Tambov State Technical University: The Prominent Russian Scientist VIVernadsky ( Memento April 30, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) , in English, last accessed on August 21, 2007
  4. ↑ Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky - Encyclopædia Britannica
  5. ^ Vernadsky, Vladimir Ivanovich - The Oxford Companion to the Earth
  6. ^ Vernadsky, Vladímir Ivanovich - Environmental Encyclopedia