Noric coinage

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With Norische coinage is called an independent in the late 2nd century coinage . In the following, the term Noriker and Norisch only refers to the “West Noriks” who settled north of the Karawanken , while the “Ostnoriker” ( Taurisker ) settled south of the Karawanken in what is now Slovenia .

Start and age

The first Norican coins were the so-called "Kugelreiter types", which were minted as tetradrachms . The Enemonzo coin treasure, discovered in 1998, included 40 Noric ball rider tetradrachms as well as 359 Roman Victoriates, which created a new terminus post quem for Noric coins for the year 130 BC. Brought. This treasure find is possibly related to the Cimbri and Teuton migration that took place around 120–115 BC. Invaded the territory of the Noriker. In the Battle of Noreia the Cimbri defeated 113 BC. A Roman army allied with the Noriks and then invaded Gaul . It is probable that the joint raising of Noric and Roman troops for this battle was the reason for the start of the Noric coinage.

Motif and further course

On the obverse of these pieces there is a beardless head, usually referred to as the head of Apollo , and a rider on the lapel . As is customary in Celtic coinage , both coin images were soon more abstract and stylized.

After a short break, the Norican kings or princes minted tetradrachms with their names under the tab on the back. COPPO, ELVIOMAR, NEMET, ATTA, SVICCA and VOKK, among others, have been handed down as “royal names”. VOKK probably means the King Voccio mentioned by Caesar . In addition, small silver coins were minted, which initially showed a head on the obverse, but which soon gave way to an image-free hump. The lapel shows an ornamentally decorated cross. These small silver coins are referred to as the Eis or Gurina type. The tetradrachms were created after the peaceful occupation of Noricum by Rome in 15 BC at the latest. Taken out of circulation until the time of Claudius , the small silver was still in circulation as change alongside the Roman coins.

literature

  • Otto Helmut Urban : Austrian History. Supplementary volume 1: The long road to history: The prehistory of Austria. Ueberreuter, Vienna 2000.
  • Karl Pink : Introduction to Celtic Coin Studies. With special consideration of the Austrian area. Third, revised and expanded edition. Edited by Robert Göbl . Deuticke, Vienna 1974, ISBN 3-7005-4399-9 .
  • Günter Dembski: Coins of the Celts . ISBN 3-900-325-90-9 , ( collection catalogs of the Kunsthistorisches Museum 1), ( catalogs of the ancient coins series A: Greeks II: Massalia and Celtic tribes ), Vienna 1998.
  • Robert Göbl : Typology and chronology of the Celtic coinage in Noricum. Austrian Academy of Sciences Philosophical - Historical Class, Memorandum Volume 113. Publications of the Commission for Numismatics, Volume II. Publishing House of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1973, ISBN 978-3-7001-0029-4 .

Web links

Commons : Celtic coins from the Noricum  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Giovanni Gorini: Il ripostiglio di Enemonzo e la monetazione del Norico (= . Numismatica Patavina Volume 6). Esedra, Padua 2005.
  2. ^ Otto Helmut Urban : Austrian history. Supplementary volume 1: The long road to history: The prehistory of Austria. Ueberreuter, Vienna 2000, p. 340.