Normes ortogràfiques

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The Normes ortogràfiques ( Catalan for " orthographic norms ") is a set of rules that the Institut d'Estudis Catalans published on January 24, 1913 , with the intention of standardizing and unifying the orthography of Catalan. The 24 norms arose from the need to modernize and standardize the existing written and literary language. These norms were groundbreaking for contemporary Catalan, which thanks to this set of rules was placed on an equal footing with other European written languages ​​in terms of the cultivation of all modern literary genres and the development of every form of professional communication: press, science, administration, education, legislation and trade.

To develop this set of rules, the institute formed a committee made up of members from all institute departments: Antoni Maria Alcover , Josep Carner i Ribalta, Frederic Clascar, Pompeu Fabra , Lluís Segalà i Estalella, Jaume Massó i Torrents, Miquel dels Sants Oliver, Antoni Rubió i Lluch , Pere Coromines i Montanya and Eugeni d'Ors . Pompeu Fabra was tasked with developing a form that was analyzed, discussed and agreed upon by the committee members. Through this set of rules, the institute succeeded in equipping the Catalan language with an instrument that was to represent the indispensable basis for the creation of the following standard reference works, namely the Gramàtica catalana ("Catalan Grammar ", 1918) and the Diccionari General de la Llengua Catalana ( "Dictionary of the Catalan Language", 1932).

The new rules immediately found support in the daily press, several magazines and most writers. Standardization also ensured that Catalan entered the school and university system. Enric Prat de la Riba called for unity and discipline among the Catalans in this context. As a result, numerous local associations also adopted the new rules. The power of the cultural and political world played a key role in the success of the Normes , the unity of the language and, ultimately, the increased return of Catalan to the public sphere.

Despite the popularity among the population and the official world, a not insignificant group of well-known personalities opposed the new set of rules. Among the anti-normists were well-known literary critics and intellectuals such as Francesc Carreras i Candi, Jaume Collell i Bancells , Josep Franquesa i Gomis, Francesc Matheu i Fornells, Apel·les Mestres , Ramon Miquel i Planas, Ernest Moliné i Brasés and others. In 1915 they founded an Acadèmia de la Llengua Catalana ("Academy of the Catalan Language"), which in 1916 published the Regles ortogràfiques ("Orthographic rules"). However, these were unsuccessful.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 100 anys d'ortografia . In: La Vanguardia . ( lavanguardia.com [accessed December 2, 2018]).
  2. ↑ a b c d e Generalitat de Catalunya: Publicació de les Normes ortogràfiques de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Accessed December 2, 2018 (ca-ES).