Northern Straits Salish
| Northern Straits Salish | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
Canada , USA | |
| speaker | 20 (as of October 2007) | |
| Linguistic classification |
|
|
| Official status | ||
| Official language in | - | |
| Recognized minority / regional language in |
Canada | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
|
| ISO 639 -2 |
sal |
|
| ISO 639-3 |
st |
|
Northern Straits Salish , also Straits Salish or Straits , is a language of several Indian tribes culturally belonging to the coastal Salish of the northwest coast culture of the Pacific , living on both sides of the Strait of Georgia , in the south of Vancouver Island , on the islands, on the west coast of Canada and in the western Washington state live.
Their language is - next to Lushootseed and Halkomelem - one of the largest dialect groups within the Central Coast Salish (Central Coast Salish) from the Salish language family . The language includes several dialects, but their speakers can understand each other. Each of these dialects has traditionally been viewed as a separate language and no term is known that is the same in all dialects.
Initially, the Nəxʷsƛ̕áy̓emúcən (Klallam) of Klallam (S'Klallam) was regarded as another dialect, but due to the great differences and since this and Northern Straits Salish are not mutually understandable, Nəxʷsƛ̕áy̓emúcən (Klallam) has been considered closely related since then separate language, sometimes called Southern Straits Salish .
Northern Straits Salish and Southern Straits Salish together form the Straits Salish idiom of Central Coast Salish.
The language is only spoken by a few older tribesmen, with the dialects of the Ts'ooke, Semiahmoo and Songish considered extinct. Colloquial Northern Straits Salish is taught in Nespelem, Washington State, but the dialect is unknown.
The American linguist Tim Montler studied the Saanich dialect called Sencoten and wrote a dissertation containing its phonology and morphology including a list of words.
Northern Straits Salish speaking groups
The following groups spoke (speak) from a linguistic point of view a dialect of Northern Straits Salish, whereby the individual tribes / groups regard their dialect as a related but separate language; The individual groups are listed below, each with the name of their dialect variant:
- Lummi (Xwlemi or Lhaq'temish) (Xwlemiʼchosen / xʷləmiʔčósən or Lummi dialect)
- Saanich (W̱SÁNEĆ) (SENĆOŦEN / Sənčaθən / sénəčqən or Saanich dialect)
- Samish (sʔémǝš) (Siʔneməš or Samish dialect)
- Semiahmoo (Tah-tu-lo or Semiahmoo dialect)
- T'sou-ke (Sooke) (Tʼsou-ke, c̓awk or Sooke dialect)
- Songhees (Lekwungen / Lebens ( Lək̓ʷəŋín̓əŋ / Lekwungen or Songhees / Songish dialect)
- Esquimalt (Ess-whoy-malth) ) (Lək̓ʷəŋín̓əŋ / Lekwungen or Songhees / Songish dialect)
- Malahat (Málexeł) (Malchosen / Malahat or (rarely also) Samish dialect, originally speaking the Hulquminum (Hul'q'umi'num ') dialect of the Halkomelem )
See also
literature
- William C. Sturtevant (Ed.): Handbook of North American Indians . Vol. 17: Ives Goddard (Ed.): Languages. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC 1996, ISBN 0-16-048774-9 .
Web links
- Report for language code: str. Ethnologue
- Morphology and phonology of the Saanich dialect
- Saanich dialect: word list
Individual evidence
- ↑ SIL documentation
- ^ Status of the Northern Straits Salish
- ^ Morphology and phonology of the Saanich dialect
- ↑ MÁLEXEȽ (Malahat). First Peoples' Languages Map