Numerus Civium Romanorum

The Numerus Civium Romanorum [Maximianus] ( German Numerus der Roman Bürger [the Maximinian] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is documented by inscriptions. Alternatively, Numerus Collectus Regionariorum was proposed as the name for the unit .

Name components

Civium Romanorum : the Roman citizen. The soldiers of the numerus were recruited from Roman citizens when the unit was established.

Maximianus : the Maximinian. An honorific designation referring to Maximinus Thrax (235-238). The addition appears in the inscription ( AE 1957, 338 ) at a point that was subsequently chiseled out.

Collectus : the put together.

Regionariorum : the Regionarii . Regionarii were soldiers who had been assigned from other units in order to take over the surveillance or police tasks in a certain area (in this case the regio Montanensis ) under the direction of a Centurio regionarius .

history

The numerus was stationed in the province of Moesia inferior in the 3rd century AD . It is first proven by the inscription ( AE 1957, 338 ) which was found near Montana and which is dated to 235 AD. Presumably, the unit was entrusted with the security of the municipality Montanensium .

Possibly the Cohors III Collecta emerged from the Numerus , which is documented from 253/254 to 258 in Municipium Montanensium .

Locations

Locations of the number in Moesia inferior were:

Municipium Montanensium ( Montana ): Several inscriptions have been found here.

Members of the number

The following members of the number are known:

Commanders

L (ucius) Coccei [us] Marcus, a centurion of the Legio XI Claudia and Praepositus des Numerus ( AE 1985, 746 )
[M] aximian [us] Volsinis, a centurion of the Legio II Augusta and Praepositus des Numerus ( AE 1979, 550 )

T (itus) Fl (avius) Iulius, a centurion of the Legio I Italica and Praepositus des Numerus ( AE 1979, 548 , AE 1987, 884 )

Others

Ant (onius) Mercurius, a horseman ( AE 1911, 15 )

[S] eleucus, possibly a librarius ( Montana 2.20 )

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b ^c In the inscriptions, the unit is abbreviated throughout as NCR . According to Marcus Reuter , the addition c (ivium) R (omanorum) was suggested when it was first published in L'Année épigraphique . This reading has also been adopted by various historians; however, no other Numerus Civium Romanorum is known. If one followed this addition, the number would have been formed from Roman citizens who came from the local population. Michael P. Speidel , on the other hand, suggested reading c (ollectus) r (egionariorum) . He justifies his hypothesis with several inscriptions that were found either at the Municipium Montanensium or elsewhere in Moesia inferior and in which Regionarii are mentioned. If one followed his addition, the number would have been compiled from detached Regionarii .

↑ Numbers are also known from other provinces that were compiled from soldiers who had been assigned by other units, e.g. B. the Numerus Collatus and the Numerus Electorum .

↑ The following inscriptions were found in Moesia inferior : 1) Inscriptions in which a Centurio regionarius is listed: ( AE 1975, 745 , CIL 3, 12380 ). 2) Inscriptions in which, according to Michael P. Speidel, probably also regionarii are listed: ( AE 1957, 341 , AE 1969/70, 577 , AE 1980, 828 , CIL 3, 7420 , CIL 3, 12371 , CIL 3, 12385 ) .

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b ^c Michael P. Speidel : Regionarii in Lower Moesia In: Journal for papyrology and epigraphy . Vol. 57 (1984), pp. 185-188.
↑ ^a ^b Satoshi Urano: Kolletiones and Frumentarii: New Readings of TAM V 3, 1417-1418, Two Petitionary Inscriptions from Ağabey Köy and Mendechora In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. Volume 176 (2011), pp. 179-188, here p. 187 ( online ).
↑ ^a ^b Marcus Reuter : Studies on the numbers of the Roman Army in the Middle Imperial Era, dissertation, In: Reports of the Roman-Germanic Commission 80, 1999, pp. 359–569, here pp. 476–478.

[NA1-2] In the inscriptions, the unit is abbreviated throughout as NCR . According to Marcus Reuter , the addition c (ivium) R (omanorum) was suggested when it was first published in L'Année épigraphique . This reading has also been adopted by various historians; however, no other Numerus Civium Romanorum is known. If one followed this addition, the number would have been formed from Roman citizens who came from the local population. Michael P. Speidel , on the other hand, suggested reading c (ollectus) r (egionariorum) . He justifies his hypothesis with several inscriptions that were found either at the Municipium Montanensium or elsewhere in Moesia inferior and in which Regionarii are mentioned. If one followed his addition, the number would have been compiled from detached Regionarii .

[NA2-3] Numbers are also known from other provinces that were compiled from soldiers who had been assigned by other units, e.g. B. the Numerus Collatus and the Numerus Electorum .

[NA3-5] The following inscriptions were found in Moesia inferior : 1) Inscriptions in which a Centurio regionarius is listed: ( AE 1975, 745 , CIL 3, 12380 ). 2) Inscriptions in which, according to Michael P. Speidel, probably also regionarii are listed: ( AE 1957, 341 , AE 1969/70, 577 , AE 1980, 828 , CIL 3, 7420 , CIL 3, 12371 , CIL 3, 12385 ) .

[mps-1] A ^b ^c Michael P. Speidel : Regionarii in Lower Moesia In: Journal for papyrology and epigraphy . Vol. 57 (1984), pp. 185-188.

[su-4] Satoshi Urano: Kolletiones and Frumentarii: New Readings of TAM V 3, 1417-1418, Two Petitionary Inscriptions from Ağabey Köy and Mendechora In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. Volume 176 (2011), pp. 179-188, here p. 187 ( online ).

[mr-6] Marcus Reuter : Studies on the numbers of the Roman Army in the Middle Imperial Era, dissertation, In: Reports of the Roman-Germanic Commission 80, 1999, pp. 359–569, here pp. 476–478.