Breast of Ocher Todityrann
| Breast of Ocher Todityrann | ||||||||||||
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Ocher breast todityrann ( Hemitriccus kaempferi ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Hemitriccus kaempferi | ||||||||||||
| JT Zimmer , 1953 |
The ocher breast death tyrant ( Hemitriccus kaempferi ), also known as the brown-backed spatula tyrant , is a species of bird from the tyrant family . It is endemic to the Brazilian states of Santa Catarina and Paraná .
features
The ocher breast todityran reaches a length of 10 centimeters. The parting is sand-colored olive. The reins, the eye ring and the cheeks are sand colored. The top is dark olive. The wings are dark olive with sand-olive wing bands. Clear light yellow edges can be seen on the outer flags of the innermost arm wings. The tail is dark olive. The slightly elongated and outwardly curved outer tail feathers are characterized by bright tips. The throat and breast are dull ocher-sand-colored with a greenish-olive wash. The belly is uniformly light yellow and is well delimited from the ocher breast. The iris is brown to vivid fawn brown. The beak is gray, with the lower beak being slightly lighter. The legs are dark gray. The sexes look the same. The voice consists of fast series of up to four high-pitched , nasal, rough “ kuit ” tones.
Occurrence
The ocher breast death ranger is only known from six areas in the Brazilian states of Santa Catarina and Paraná. In Santa Catarina these are the Río São João, the region of Salto do Piraí, the region of Joenville, Brusque , where a juvenile specimen was collected in 1950, the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural de Volta Velha near Itapoá and the region north of Garuva . In Paraná it was only found at Floresta Estadual do Palamito and in the Área de Proteção Ambiental de Guaratuba.
habitat
The breast of ocher todityran lives in tropical evergreen forests and bush-like secondary forests from the lowlands to altitudes of 250 meters, which are dominated by the tree species Calophyllum brasiliense or Tabebuia cassinoides . He prefers a shady vegetation with ant trees and heliconias in the midst of a dense soil flora and is often in the vicinity of rivers.
Way of life
The breast of ocher todityrann feeds primarily on insects, including caterpillars. It can be observed mainly in the middle layer of the tree at a height of between one and four meters and searches for food individually or in pairs, staying 0.3 to 3.5 meters above the ground. He picks up the food from the underside of the leaves while hovering. In the Área de Proteção Ambiental de Guaratuba, the Ocher Breast Todityrann can be found in dense lianas that are often found over small rivers. Almost nothing is known about the breeding behavior. A nest in the construction phase was discovered in October 1998 at a height of about six meters above the ground two to three meters within a primary forest at an altitude of 250 meters.
Danger
The Ocher Breast Death Tyrant was discovered in 1929. After another specimen was found near Brusque in 1950, it was considered lost until it was rediscovered in 1991 near Salto do Piraí (northwest of Vila Nova). The ocher breast todityrann has a very small distribution area of 19 km², which is under great pressure from the population due to deforestation, the establishment of plantations and the urbanization of the coastal plain. BirdLife International classifies the ocher breast death ranger as "critically endangered " and estimates the population at between 9,000 and 18,500 specimens. The two largest populations are found in the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural de Volta Velha in Santa Catarina and in the Área de Proteção Ambiental de Guaratuba in Paraná.
literature
- Description and photos from Cotinga booklet no. 20. 18/3/04 PDF full text
- J. Del Hoyo, A. Elliot, D. Christie (Editors): Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 9: Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails . Lynx Edicions 2004. ISBN 8487334695 .
Web links
- BirdLife Species Factsheet.
- photography
- Hemitriccus kaempferi inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013.2. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2014.