OZNA

The Odjeljenje za zaštitu naroda (Department of Public Protection; and Serbian - Cyrillic Одељење за заштиту народа , Slovenian Oddelek za zaščito naroda , Macedonian Одделение за заштита на народот ), short OZN or grammatically Ozna or simplified Ozna or OZNA was of 1944 to 1946 the secret service and the secret police of Yugoslavia .

history

In 1943, Dalibor Jakaž founded a "main news center" ( Glavni obavještajni centar , GOC for short) for the Tito partisans . Jakaž had previously been trained as an agent by the Communist International in Moscow . On May 13, 1944, the OZN emerged under the leadership of Aleksandar Ranković , in which Jakaž headed the international department in Belgrade.

Mass executions were organized and carried out by the Korpus narodne odbrane Jugoslavije (KNOJ) under the direction and supervision of the OZNA .

In 1946 the OZN was dissolved and the civil secret police Uprava državne bezbednosti , UDB for short (from 1966 Služba državne bezbednosti , SDB) and the military intelligence service Kontraobaveštajna služba , KOS for short (from 1955 organ bezbednosti , OB), formed.

organization

The OZN recently had five departments:

Intelligence service, for the organization of intelligence activities in occupied areas.
Counter-espionage , to gather information about political groups of the freedom fighters, hostile intelligence activities and armed national groups that posed a threat to the regime (after the dissolution of the OZN, this became the UDB ).
Military counter-espionage, for the intelligence security of the Tito partisans (after the dissolution of the OZN it was directly subordinate to the army as KOS ).
Technical department, for processing the technical tasks of the secret service.
Department for the observation and combating of foreign intelligence services (from 1945).

literature

Blanka Matkovich: Croatia and Slovenia at the End and After the Second World War (1944–1945): Mass Crimes and Human Rights Violations Committed by the Communist Regime . BrownWalker Press, 2017, ISBN 978-1-62734-691-7 , Formation and the Role of the Yugoslav Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence System in the Second World War, pp. 47 ff .

Individual evidence

^ Tibor Várady: World history and everyday life in the Banat: cases from a lawyers archive from the monarchy to communism . Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2016, ISBN 978-3-205-20338-4 , pp. 125 : “You can even disrespectfully ask why the letter“ A ”was added to the end of the OZNA and UDBA, where the abbreviations OZN and UDB actually already indicated complete words. (The abbreviation of Uprava državne bezbednosti, for example, would have to be UDB and not UDBA.) Everyone spoke of OZNA and UDBA, and these abbreviations were also used officially. Now that I am investigating - with very belated courage - the only thing that occurs to me is that in traditional Serbian pronunciation one does not put small substitute vowels between the consonants of an abbreviation, an "u / d e / b e " or "o / zett / e n “cannot make the possible tongue twister easier. However, pronouncing OZN and UDB should not have been easy even for the hard-hitting secret police - and it would not have been elegant either. Adding the "A" made the secret police abbreviations easier to pronounce and more melodious, and so this letter cuckoo received its full legitimation. "

↑ Interview of the journalist Darka Stuparić with Dalibor Jakaž for the " Vjesnik ", on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the OZN on May 13, 1974. Quoted from: Hans-Peter Rullmann: Mordando from Belgrade: Documentation about the Belgrade murder machine . Ost-Dienst, Hamburg 1980, p. 3 f.

↑ Florian Thomas Rulitz: The tragedy of Bleiburg and Viktring: Partisan violence in Carinthia using the example of the anti-communist refugees in May 1945 . Extended and revised 2nd edition. Mohorjeva Hermagoras, Klagenfurt 2012, ISBN 978-3-7086-0655-2 , p. 293 .

↑ Edda Engelke, Mateja Čoh: "Every refugee is a weakening of the people's democracy": The illegal crossings on the Yugoslav-Styrian border section in the 1950s . Lit Verlag, Münster 2011, ISBN 978-3-643-50364-0 , pp. 24 .

[1] Tibor Várady: World history and everyday life in the Banat: cases from a lawyers archive from the monarchy to communism . Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2016, ISBN 978-3-205-20338-4 , pp. 125 : “You can even disrespectfully ask why the letter“ A ”was added to the end of the OZNA and UDBA, where the abbreviations OZN and UDB actually already indicated complete words. (The abbreviation of Uprava državne bezbednosti, for example, would have to be UDB and not UDBA.) Everyone spoke of OZNA and UDBA, and these abbreviations were also used officially. Now that I am investigating - with very belated courage - the only thing that occurs to me is that in traditional Serbian pronunciation one does not put small substitute vowels between the consonants of an abbreviation, an "u / d e / b e " or "o / zett / e n “cannot make the possible tongue twister easier. However, pronouncing OZN and UDB should not have been easy even for the hard-hitting secret police - and it would not have been elegant either. Adding the "A" made the secret police abbreviations easier to pronounce and more melodious, and so this letter cuckoo received its full legitimation. "

[2] Interview of the journalist Darka Stuparić with Dalibor Jakaž for the " Vjesnik ", on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the OZN on May 13, 1974. Quoted from: Hans-Peter Rullmann: Mordando from Belgrade: Documentation about the Belgrade murder machine . Ost-Dienst, Hamburg 1980, p. 3 f.

[3] Florian Thomas Rulitz: The tragedy of Bleiburg and Viktring: Partisan violence in Carinthia using the example of the anti-communist refugees in May 1945 . Extended and revised 2nd edition. Mohorjeva Hermagoras, Klagenfurt 2012, ISBN 978-3-7086-0655-2 , p. 293 .

[4] Edda Engelke, Mateja Čoh: "Every refugee is a weakening of the people's democracy": The illegal crossings on the Yugoslav-Styrian border section in the 1950s . Lit Verlag, Münster 2011, ISBN 978-3-643-50364-0 , pp. 24 .