Red goblet evening primrose

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Red goblet evening primrose
Red goblet evening primrose

Red goblet evening primrose

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Myrtle-like (Myrtales)
Family : Evening primrose family (Onagraceae)
Subfamily : Onagroideae
Genre : Evening primrose ( Oenothera )
Type : Red goblet evening primrose
Scientific name
Oenothera glazioviana
Micheli

The red goblet evening primrose ( Oenothera glazioviana , synonyms : Oenothera erythrosepala Borbás , Oenothera lamarckiana auct. And others) is a species of the evening primrose genus ( Oenothera ) in the evening primrose family (Onagraceae), which is believed to be a hybrid between Oenothera elata subspothera . hookeri and the common evening primrose ( Oenothera biennis ).

description

The red chalice evening primrose is a biennial (or perennial ) herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 0.8 to 1.80 m. The stem and the flower stalks are hairy, with many hairs having a papilla-shaped, raised, dark red base. As a result, the stems and flower stalks are spotted red. The upper part of the stem is sometimes completely reddish, so that these spots can no longer be seen.

Among the evening primrose, the red-goblet evening primrose is particularly noticeable for the size of its flowers : the flowers are 3.5 cm to 6 cm in diameter. The calyx tube is clearly reddish to red-streaked. The calyx lobes are 3 to 6 mm long. The calyx tube is 3.5 cm to 5 cm long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Occurrence

Opening of the flower in real time.

The red-goblet evening primrose was cultivated in Central Europe and, due to its large flowers, is often planted in gardens. From there it has run wild and is widespread in Germany with mostly inconsistent occurrences.

It grows in nitrogen-rich, open areas such as B. on roadsides, ruderal sites or fresh fallow land. In the plant-sociological system , the red-goblet evening primrose is a type of character of the Dauco-Melilotion ( Association of the Carrot-Sweet Clover Societies).

genetics

The red-goblet evening primrose is an example of a plant that is always heterozygous . In 1924 , Otto Renner recognized two complexes in the genome of the plant, which he named gaudens and velans . The gaudens complex causes the formation of green sepals, broad leaves and red spots on the basal leaves, the velans complex that of red-striped sepals, narrower leaves and pure green basal leaves. If one of these two so-called Renner complexes appears homozygous , this leads to death. That is why every living plant contains both the gaudens and the velans complex in its genome. The characteristics of these complexes can only be developed after crossing with other species of evening primrose.

Using a mutant with short stylus that brevistylis mutant discovered Hugo de Vries , the Mendelian rules again. He also founded the mutation theory and discovered polyploidization based on other mutants that appeared in his cultures .

  • Oenothera erythrosepala flower still closed.JPG

  • Open flower towards evening

  • Hair with papilla-shaped raised, dark red base

  • Existed in the Dune du Perroquet dune belt on the North Sea

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 332 .
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  689 .
  3. ^ A b c Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 , p. 483 .
  4. ↑ a b Botany Online: Heterosis

Web links

Commons : Oenothera glazioviana  - album with pictures, videos and audio files