Olav II (Denmark)
Olav II. Håkonsson , dan . Oluf II ( December 1370 - August 23, 1387 ) was King of Denmark from 1376 to 1387 and, as Olav IV, also King of Norway from 1380 . If all legally elected Danish kings are included, including Oluf II. Haraldsen (King of Schonen and Blekinge 1140–43), he is named Oluf III. designated.
Life
Olav - son of Håkon VI. and Margaret I of Denmark, who ruled for him all his life - could only act halfway autonomously as a king of legal age from 1385 to 1387. Under him the union between Norway and Denmark began in 1380, which lasted until 1814.
On December 1, 1374, his paternal grandfather, King Magnus, died. On October 24, 1375 his maternal grandfather, King Waldemar Atterdag of Denmark, died. It was to be expected that Duke Albrecht IV of Mecklenburg , the son of King Waldemar's older daughter Ingeborg, would lay claim to the Danish royal throne.
Waldemar Atterdag was able to bring Jutland back into his possession in the peace of Stralsund . In 1375, shortly before Waldemar, Heinrich von Schleswig, the last Duke of Schleswig to descend from King Abel , died. Waldemar was no longer able to bring further parts of the Duchy of Schleswig under his lien. In addition, there was now the condition that Waldemar had entered into in the Peace of Stralsund with the Hanseatic League that a Danish king could only be elected with the prior consent of the Hanseatic League, and the condition from the separate peace with Duke Albrecht II of Mecklenburg that his Grandson Albrecht IV of Mecklenburg after Waldemar was to become King of Denmark. Duke Albrecht II tried to persuade the Hanseatic League to agree by promising further privileges. He also sought support from the Holstein counts.
Margarethe, on the other hand, secured the full support of the central follower Waldemars Henning Podebusk . He was the Hanseatic bailiff of the fortresses on Skåne that had been handed over to the Hanseatic League . His brother Waldemar became bishop of Odense in October 1376 and received Copenhagen, the property of his predecessor, back. Then she enfeoffed “her clergyman”, the canon in Roskilde Peder Jensen Lodehat , who belonged to an old Zeeland family, with lands near Udby on Zealand . Olav also enfeoffed the canon of Roskilde Nikolaus Rusare. These and other enfeoffments were intended to secure Olav's election as king. Gradually, several members of the Danish aristocracy joined this party, if not all. However, since the Pomerania did not endorse Mecklenburg claims to the throne, Oluf III was. elected King of Denmark by the Imperial Council after signing a hand-held celebration in which he had to guarantee an annual meeting of the Council of States (danehof) .
In 1380 his father died and Olav became King of Norway , again with his mother as regent, recognized as Hereditary King of Norway . In his name, his mother negotiated with the Swedish Imperial Council to take over the throne from the Mecklenburg Albrecht, who was unpopular in Sweden . From 1385 he was elected to be the rival king there.
After his early death at the age of seventeen, his mother took over as regent of all three countries and merged them to form the Kalmar Union in 1397 . With Olav, the male line of the Folkung people ended , which had provided the kings of Sweden and Norway for almost two centuries.
See also
Web links
- Olav 4 Håkonsson (Norwegian nynorsk)
- Oluf, konge af Danmark 1376-1387, konge af Norge 1380-1387 on danmarkshistorien.dk (Danish)
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Waldemar IV. |
King of Denmark 1376–1387 |
Margarethe I. |
| Haakon VI. |
King of Norway 1380–1387 |
Margarethe I. |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Olav II. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Olav IV (as King of Norway); Olav II. Håkonsson; Oluf II (Danish) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | King of Denmark and Norway |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 1370 |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 23, 1387 |