Ololygon alcatraz

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Ololygon alcatraz
Systematics
Subordination : Neobatrachia
without rank: Tree frogs (arboranae)
Family : Tree frogs i. w. S. (Hylidae)
Subfamily : Knick-toe tree frogs i. w. S. (Scinaxinae)
Genre : Ololygon
Type : Ololygon alcatraz
Scientific name
Ololygon alcatraz
( Lutz , 1973)

Ololygon alcatraz ( Syn. : Scinax alcatraz ) is a neotropical Froschlurch from the subfamily of the scinax (Scinaxinae) within the family of tree frogs (Hylidae). This species was previously included in the genus Scinax and assigned to the Scinax catharinae clade. From 2016 this clade was listed as a separate genus under the name Ololygon .

Synonyms

  • Hyla catharinae alcatraz Lutz , 1973
  • Scinax alcatraz Peixoto , 1988

Duellman & Wiens (1992) placed the species in the genus Scinax .

description

This knee-toed tree frog has a head-to-trunk length of only 20–32 mm, but is built quite robustly for its size. It is pale yellow-brown in color and has an inconspicuous pattern. The head is large, oval and wider in front of and behind the eyes. Seen from above, the snout tapers forward. The canthus rostralis is straight. The eyes are protruding and smaller than the distance from them to the tip of the snout. The eardrum is very pronounced and reaches about 3/8 the diameter of the eye. The tongue is round and notched. The adhesive discs on the fingers and toes are small and spatulate. The species has webbed feet between the toes, but none between the fingers. There is a callus under the first finger, a larger one under the third and fourth. The chest, abdomen and middle part of the thighs are granulated.

distribution

This species is endemic to Alcatraz Island ( Ilha de Alcatrazes ), which lies off the coast of the Brazilian state of São Paulo . The highest point on the island is about 100 m above sea level. NN.

Habitat and Ecology

Ololygon alcatraz lives in primary forests and secondary forests and has also been found in more degraded forests. The reproductive habitat and mode of reproduction are so far unknown. It is assumed that the species reproduces through larval development in the water.

Danger

The IUCN lists Ololygon alcatraz as " Critically Endangered " because its range on the island is only about 10–100 km², depending on the calculation method. The total population size is unknown, however a declining population trend is assumed. A total population size estimate is necessary. In the past, the island was also used as a military base, which is no longer the case today. Although the island is now uninhabited, tourism and fires are currently the main threats that lead to the narrowing and deterioration of the species' habitat . There is also no protected area on the island.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Julián Faivovich, Celio FB Haddad, PCA Garcia, Darrel R. Frost, JA Campbell & WC Wheeler: Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, 240 pp. 2005
  2. ^ William E. Duellman, AB Marion & S. Blair Hedges: Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae). Zootaxa, 4104, pp. 1–109, 2016
  3. ↑ Lutz, B. (1973): Brazilian Species of Hyla . University of Texas Press, Austin & London: 192.
  4. ↑ Darrel R. Frost: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference . Version 5.3 (February 12, 2009). Electronic Database accessible at Amphibian Species of the World . American Museum of Natural History, New York 2009

literature

  • William E. Duellman & JJ Wiens (1992): The status of the hylid frog genus Ololygon and recognition of Scinax Wagler, 1830 . Occas.Pap.Mus.Nat.Hist.Univ.Kansas 151: 1-23.
  • Darrel R. Frost: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference . Version 5.3 (February 12, 2009). Electronic Database accessible at Amphibian Species of the World . American Museum of Natural History, New York 2009
  • Rodrigues, MT & Cruz, CAG da (2004): Scinax alcatraz . In: IUCN (2010): IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . Version 2010.1. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . Downloaded on March 30, 2010.

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