Cat liver rule
| Cat liver rule | ||||||||||||
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Cat liver fluke ( Opisthorchis felineus ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Opisthorchis felineus | ||||||||||||
| ( Rivolta , 1884) Blanchard , 1895 |
The cat liver fluke ( Opisthorchis felineus ) is a parasite that attacks fish-eating mammals , including cats , otters , and foxes . But it is also disease-causing for humans .
distribution
It can often be found in Russia and Eastern Europe on stagnant and slowly flowing waters. It is endemic in some areas ; up to 80% of the population are affected. In Germany he can be found in all of East Brandenburg.
features
Like all flukes , it is oval and quite wide and reaches a length of up to 13 millimeters.
Life cycle
After shedding, the eggs have to get into the water and are already embryonated there. They sink to the ground and are ingested by a gill snail ( Bithynia leachii ). In the snail they are going through a redien development. After that, immature cercariae are formed, which remain in the snail for some time before they leave it. In the water they assume a floating position. The body hangs like a pendulum on the resting tail. In this position they snap up and down and attract fish (mostly carp-like ). These fish now become the second intermediate host . There they are encapsulated in the connective tissue of the skin and in the muscle tissue. If the fish is now ingested by the ultimate host , the metacercaria can be released in the intestine and migrate via the duodenum through the cholchedochus duct into the liver , gall bladder and pancreatic ducts .
Harmful effect
Symptoms only appear when more than a hundred leeches are infected. The bile ducts are thickened and connective tissue is deposited in the area of the portal vein. Inflammation of the biliary tract, gallstones and jaundice have been observed. He is also considered a factor in the onset of biliary tract cancer (in 1900 was caused by the cats of liver fluke bile duct cancer in Haff -Fischern reported).
prevention
The encysted metacercariae are quite resistant to curing, marinating or drying and even survive at refrigerator temperatures. Therefore, cooking the fish through is essential in risk areas.
See also
literature
- Rolf Schuster et al .: Opisthorchis felineus, Ancylostoma tubaeforme and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus - 3 rarely diagnosed parasites in a native domestic cat. In: Kleintierpraxis 44, 1999, ISSN 0023-2076 , pp. 123-128.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Paul Obrecht: Clinical Cancerologie. In: Ludwig Heilmeyer (ed.): Textbook of internal medicine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1955; 2nd edition ibid. 1961, pp. 352–375, here: pp. 358–361 ( Influences of the profession ).