Ordine Nuovo (terrorist organization)

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Symbol of the Ordine Nuovo

Ordine Nuovo ( Italian : New Order) is an Italian neo-fascist terrorist organization founded in 1956 by Pino Rauti under the influence of Julius Evola . It adopted its motto from the Waffen SS : "Il nostro onore si chiama fedeltà" (" Our honor means loyalty "). In 1973 they were banned by the Italian Ministry of the Interior .

attacks

Memorial to the victims of the bombing in the train station of San Benedetto Val di Sambro on August 4th 1974

On December 12, 1969, the Ordine Nuovo bombed Piazza Fontana in Milan , killing 17 people and wounding 88. In July 1970 there was an assassination attempt on the train from Rome to Messina with 6 deaths and 100 wounded. On May 31, 1972, three Carabinieri died in a car bomb explosion near the village of Peteano , which was dumped by Vincenzo Vinciguerra . In May 1974 eight participants in an anti-fascist demonstration in Brescia were killed in an attack with hand grenades . On August 4, 1974, in the San Benedetto Sambro-Castiglione Pepoli station , a bomb attack on the Italicus Express , the Rome - Munich night express train , killed 12 people and injured 48.

The investigating authorities assigned the attacks to left-wing extremist terrorists (especially the Red Brigades ). It was not until the 1990s that the real perpetrators were convicted and brought to justice. Based on a trial against Vinciguerra for the Peteano murders, several court cases and parliamentary investigations revealed that the driving force behind the attacks was the secret box Propaganda Due .

Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari

The Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari were an offshoot of Ordine Nuovo, whose members Valerio Fioravanti and Francesca Mambro carried out the terrorist attack on Bologna Central Station in 1980, with 85 dead and over 200 injured. The organizer of this massacre was Stefano Delle Chiaie .

Others

In December 2014, 14 members of a neo-fascist network in Italy who felt affiliated with the Ordine Nuovo were arrested by the police. According to the authorities, the members of the network planned to destabilize the country with attacks by targeting politicians and judges.

literature

  • Paola Bernasconi: Between Activism and Violence: The Roots of Italian Neofascism. In: Massimiliano Livi, Daniel Schmidt, Michael Sturm (eds.): The 1970s as a black decade. Politicization and mobilization between Christian democracy and the extreme right. Campus, Frankfurt am Main, New York 2010, ISBN 978-3-593-39296-7 , pp. 171-189.
  • Aldo Giannuli , Elia Rosati: Storia di Ordine Nuovo. Mimesis, Milan, Udine 2017.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Neo-Nazi network excavated ( Memento from December 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive )