Stefano Delle Chiaie

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Stefano Delle Chiaie (born September 13, 1936 in Caserta , † September 9, 2019 in Rome ) was an Italian neo-fascist and terrorist . He was the founder of the far-right extra - parliamentary movement Avanguardia Nazionale and a member of the terrorist organization Ordine Nuovo . Because of his involvement in Operation Condor in South America and his suspected involvement in terrorist attacks in Italy, he was searched for worldwide.

Political and terrorist activities

Delle Chiaie began as a member of the neo-fascist Movimento Sociale Italiano (MSI), but he refused to participate in elections. Therefore, he left the party in 1960 to found the Avanguardia Nazionale as an extra-parliamentary movement. At this time he also joined the Propaganda Due (P2) corner lodge . He was also a member of the Gladio stay-behind organization .

In 1965 he worked for Yves Guérin-Sérac's false press agency Aginter Press in the Portuguese Salazar dictatorship .

Delle Chiaie was a close ally of Junio ​​Valerio Borghese , with whom he was also involved in the Golpe Borghese , a failed coup attempt in Italy in 1970, after which he fled to Francoist Spain. There he continued his efforts to build the Avanguardia Nazionale , met with future members of the Grupos Antiterroristas de Liberación (GAL) and befriended the Belgian fascist Léon Degrelle .

Delle Chiaie then spent most of his time in Latin America and was named the most wanted right-wing terrorist by the CIA in 1983. In the course of his activities, Delle Chiaie was also known under various aliases such as ALFA or Alfredo Di Stéfano (after the football player Alfredo Di Stéfano ). In 1973 he was involved in the Ezeiza massacre in Argentina. He was also involved in the Montejurra massacre , the murder of left-wing Carlists by right-wing extremist terrorists. The investigations of the Spanish examining magistrate Baltasar Garzón showed that he worked for Augusto Pinochet's secret police DINA as well as for the Alianza Anticomunista Argentina (AAA) and Hugo Banzer's dictatorship in Bolivia .

Entanglement in Operation Condor

States participating in Operation Condor (green); States that only partially participated are marked in pale green, and the USA, which is a supporter, in blue.

After Delle Chiaie had won Augusto Pinochet's trust , he moved from Spain to Chile in 1974, where he not only worked for the local government, but also trained government troops and counter-revolutionary gangs in Argentina and El Salvador and thus actively participated in the Dirty War and the state terrorism the operation Condor involved.

Delle Chiaie met Pinochet in Madrid in 1975 at Francisco Franco's funeral , which was the starting point for his work for the Chilean regime and Operation Condor. According to the lawyer Alun Jones, who represented the Spanish judiciary in the Pinochet extradition request against Great Britain, an assassination attempt on Carlos Altamirano, the leader of the Socialist Party of Chile , was discussed at Pinochet's meeting with Delle Chiaie . However, the project failed due to Altamirano's prudence - or because a foreign intelligence service of unknown origin could have warned him in advance.

CIA documents say that Delle Chiaie had contact with the US DINA agent Michael Townley and the Cuban exile Virgilio Paz Romero in 1975 to plan the assassination of the Chilean Christian Democrat Bernardo Leighton with the help of Franco's secret police . On October 6, 1975, Leighton and his wife were seriously wounded by gunfire while in exile in Rome.

Together with the National Socialist war criminal Klaus Barbie and around 70 agents from the Argentine secret service SIDE, Delle Chiaie helped the right-wing extremist Bolivian general Luis García Meza Tejada to power in 1980 in the so-called Cocaine Coup . He then placed himself in the service of the new regime and trained its soldiers. In 1983 he stated in an interview with a Spanish reporter:

“Decisi che dovevo dare un contributo alla creazione di un movimento rivoluzionario internazionale. […] So, quando si affacciò in Bolivia la proposta di una rivoluzione nazionale, noi eravamo lì, con i nostri a fianco dei camerati boliviani. Non eravamo né torturatori né narcoterroristi, ma militanti politici. "

“I decided to help create an international revolutionary movement. [...] When the possibility of a national revolution arose in Bolivia, we stood by our Bolivian comrades. We were neither torturers nor 'narco-terrorists', but political militants. "

It is also suspected that Delle Chiaie was involved in the assassination of General Carlos Prats on September 30, 1974 in Buenos Aires. In this regard, Delle Chiaie and his accomplice Vincenzo Vinciguerra testified in Rome in December 1995 before the judge Maria Servini de Cubria; here they charged Michael Townley and the former Chilean secret agent Enrique Arancibia Clavel with the main culprit. Townley stated that Arancibia went to California in the fall of 1977 to do banking for Delle Chiaie. Arancibia was charged with crimes against humanity in Argentina in 2004 .

Arrest and trial

Delle Chiaie was 1987 in Caracas ( Venezuela arrested) after Bolivia after the inauguration of Hernán Siles Zuazo had left in October 1,982th He was extradited to Italy to answer in court for his role in the bombing of the Piazza Fontana on December 12, 1969. The Assize Court of Catanzaro acquitted him and the co-defendant Massimiliano Fachini.

He was also charged with complicity in the 1980 Bologna attack . He was convicted in the first instance for this, but acquitted in the appeal hearing.

During an interrogation by a parliamentary committee chaired by Senator Giovanni Pellegrino in 1997, Stefano Delle Chiaie spoke of a "black fascist international " and his hopes of laying the foundations for an "international revolution". He also mentioned the Anti-Communist World League , but stated that he was never present at its meeting in Paraguay because he believed the World League was a cover organization of the CIA. He merely admitted his participation in the New European Order organization and denied having worked with the International Anti-Communist Alliance around 1974.

Delle Chiaie died on the evening of September 9, 2019 in Vannini Hospital in Rome, a few days before his 83rd birthday.

literature

  • Paola Bernasconi: Between Activism and Violence: The Roots of Italian Neofascism. In: Massimiliano Livi, Daniel Schmidt, Michael Sturm (eds.): The 1970s as a black decade. Politicization and mobilization between Christian democracy and the extreme right . Campus, Frankfurt am Main / New York 2010, ISBN 978-3-593-39296-7 , pp. 171-189.
  • Stuart Christie : Stefano Della Chiaie: Portrait of a Black Terrorist. Refract Publications, 1983, ISBN 0-946222-09-6 , digitized

Movie

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ali Cem Deniz: Yeni Türkiye - The new Turkey: From Ataturk to Erdoğan . Promedia Verlag, 2016, ISBN 978-3-85371-839-1 ( google.de [accessed on January 7, 2017]). Jürgen Roth: The deep state: The infiltration of democracy by secret services, political accomplices and the right-wing mob . Heyne Verlag, 2016, ISBN 978-3-641-16033-3 ( google.de [accessed on January 7, 2017]).
  2. ↑ a b c Sergio Sorin: Las relaciones secretas entre Pinochet, Franco P2: Conspiración para matar. In: Nizkor Project . February 4, 1999, accessed July 26, 2008 (Spanish).
  3. ^ J. Patrice McSherry: Predatory States: Operation Condor and Covert War in Latin America . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012, ISBN 978-0-7425-6870-9 ( google.de [accessed January 7, 2017]).
  4. ↑ Peter Kornbluh: Chile and the United States: Declassified Documents relating to the Military Coup, 1970-1976. In: The National Security Archive. August 13, 2019, accessed on September 12, 2019 .
  5. ↑ a b Commissione parlamentare d'inchiesta sul terrorismo in Italia e sulle cause della mancata individuazione dei responsabili delle stragi: 26ª Seduta. (No longer available online.) July 22, 1997, archived from the original on October 27, 2004 ; Retrieved September 12, 2019 (Italian).
  6. ↑ Stella Calloni: Arancibia, “clave” en la cooperación de las dictaduras. In: La Jornada On Line . May 22, 2000, Retrieved September 12, 2019 (Spanish).
  7. ↑ Townley's Concern Regarding the Assassination of Chilean Army General Carlos Prats an his Wife, Carmen, in Buenos Aires, Argentina on 9/30/74 and the Attempted Assassination of Former Chilean Vice President Bernardo Leighton an his Wife, Anita, in Rome, Italy , on 10/6/75. In: The National Security Archive. January 21, 1982, accessed September 12, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Elliott Gotkine: Vital rights ruling in Argentina. In: BBC News . August 24, 2004, accessed September 12, 2019 .
  9. ^ Ludmilla Vinogradoff: Detenido en Caracas el neofascista Stefano delle Chiaie. In: elpais.com . March 30, 1987, Retrieved September 12, 2019 (Spanish). Italian Extremist Held By Venezuelan Police. In: nytimes.com . March 30, 1987, accessed September 12, 2019 .
  10. ↑ Processi, indagini e misteri. In: Repubblica.it . May 3, 2005, accessed September 12, 2019 (Italian).
  11. ^ Four Convicted Of Mass Murder In Italian Bombing That Killed 85. Associated Press, July 11, 1988.
  12. ↑ “Stefano Delle Chiaie: Portrait of a Black Terrorist” by Stuart Christie [Review]. In: Bulletin of the Kate Sharpley Library . July 2002, accessed September 12, 2019 (English, first published in Black Papers No. 1 , Anarchy Magazine / Refract Publications, London, 1984).
personal data
SURNAME Delle Chiaie, Stefano
ALTERNATIVE NAMES ALFA (pseudonym); Di Stéfano, Alfredo (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian right-wing extremist and terrorist
DATE OF BIRTH September 13, 1936
PLACE OF BIRTH Caserta
DATE OF DEATH September 9, 2019
Place of death Rome