Organic Lake

Organic Lake
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Geographical location	Princess Elisabeth Land , East Antarctica
	Data
Coordinates	68 ° 27 '23 " S , 78 ° 11' 23" O Coordinates: 68 ° 27 '23 " S , 78 ° 11' 23" O
Altitude above sea level	2 m
surface	0.15
length	0.9
width	0.6
Maximum depth	7.5

The Organic Lake is a lake in the Vestfoldbergen in eastern Antarctica , near the Ace Lake . It was formed 6000 years ago after the then higher sea level dropped; today it is 2 meters above sea level. It is isolated, rather flat (7.5 m deep), meromictic , has a diameter of several hundred meters and its area is 0.15 square kilometers. It extends over 0.6 kilometers in a north-south direction and 0.9 kilometers in an east-west direction. Its water is extremely salty and has the highest measured concentration of dimethyl sulfide in a natural body of water.

In 2011, a new species of virophage was discovered in Organic Lake , the “ Organic Lake Virophage ” (OLV). OLV parasitizes the “ Organic Lake Phycodnavirus ” (OLPV) belonging to the giant viruses (NCLDV ), which in turn infects algae. Despite its name, OLPV, together with related virus species, is more likely to belong to the giant virus family Mimiviridae (alias " Megaviridae ", order Imitervirales ) than to the Phycodnaviridae . For this group, " OLPG " ( Organic lake phycodna (virus) group ), OLPV is the namesake.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b 'Virus-eater' discovered in Antarctic lake . In: Nature News . March 28, 2011.
^ PD Franzmann, PP Deprez, HR Burton, J. van den Hoff et al .: Limnology of Organic Lake, Antarctica, a meromictic lake that contains high concentrations of dimethyl sulfide . In: Marine and Freshwater Research . 38, No. 3, Jan. 1, 1987, pp. 409-417. doi : 10.1071 / MF9870409 .
↑ As a virophage it is a satellite virus which (as a parasite ) in co-infection with a helper virus ( host virus ) impairs its ability to replicate.

^ Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Natalya Yutin et al .: Evolution of double-stranded DNA viruses of eukaryotes: from bacteriophages to transposons to giant viruses . In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences . 1341, No. 1, April 2015, pp. 10-24. doi : 10.1111 / nyas.12728 . PMC 4405056 (free full text). (Fig. 3)

↑ Fumito Maruyama, Shoko Ueki et al .: Evolution and phylogeny of large DNA viruses, Mimiviridae and Phycodnaviridae including newly characterized Heterosigma akashiwo virus . In: Frontiers in Microbiology . 7, November 30, 2016, p. 1942. doi : 10.3389 / fmicb.2016.01942 . PMC 5127864 (free full text).

↑ Weijia Zhang, Jinglie Zhou, Liu Taigang, Yongxin Yu Yingjie Pan, Shuling Yan, Yongjie Wang et al . Four novel algal virus genomes discovered from Yellowstone Lake metagenomes . In: Scientific Reports . 5, No. 1, October 13, 2015, p. 15131. doi : 10.1038 / srep15131 . PMC 4602308 (free full text).

↑ Frederik Schulz, Natalya Yutin, Natalia N. Ivanova, Davi R. Ortega, Tae Kwon Lee, Julia Vierheilig, Holger Daims, Matthias Horn, Michael Wagner, Grant J. Jensen, Nikos C. Kyrpides, Eugene V. Koonin, Tanja Woyke et al .: Giant viruses with an expanded complement of translation system components . In: Science . 356, No. 6333, April 6, 2017, pp. 82-85. doi : 10.1126 / science.aal4657 . (especially Fig. 2)

Web links

Map view: OSM

[nn-1] 'Virus-eater' discovered in Antarctic lake . In: Nature News . March 28, 2011.

[2] PD Franzmann, PP Deprez, HR Burton, J. van den Hoff et al .: Limnology of Organic Lake, Antarctica, a meromictic lake that contains high concentrations of dimethyl sulfide . In: Marine and Freshwater Research . 38, No. 3, Jan. 1, 1987, pp. 409-417. doi : 10.1071 / MF9870409 .

[3] As a virophage it is a satellite virus which (as a parasite ) in co-infection with a helper virus ( host virus ) impairs its ability to replicate.

[4] Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Natalya Yutin et al .: Evolution of double-stranded DNA viruses of eukaryotes: from bacteriophages to transposons to giant viruses . In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences . 1341, No. 1, April 2015, pp. 10-24. doi : 10.1111 / nyas.12728 . PMC 4405056 (free full text). (Fig. 3)

[5] Fumito Maruyama, Shoko Ueki et al .: Evolution and phylogeny of large DNA viruses, Mimiviridae and Phycodnaviridae including newly characterized Heterosigma akashiwo virus . In: Frontiers in Microbiology . 7, November 30, 2016, p. 1942. doi : 10.3389 / fmicb.2016.01942 . PMC 5127864 (free full text).

[6] Weijia Zhang, Jinglie Zhou, Liu Taigang, Yongxin Yu Yingjie Pan, Shuling Yan, Yongjie Wang et al . Four novel algal virus genomes discovered from Yellowstone Lake metagenomes . In: Scientific Reports . 5, No. 1, October 13, 2015, p. 15131. doi : 10.1038 / srep15131 . PMC 4602308 (free full text).

[7] Frederik Schulz, Natalya Yutin, Natalia N. Ivanova, Davi R. Ortega, Tae Kwon Lee, Julia Vierheilig, Holger Daims, Matthias Horn, Michael Wagner, Grant J. Jensen, Nikos C. Kyrpides, Eugene V. Koonin, Tanja Woyke et al .: Giant viruses with an expanded complement of translation system components . In: Science . 356, No. 6333, April 6, 2017, pp. 82-85. doi : 10.1126 / science.aal4657 . (especially Fig. 2)