Organic Lake Virophage
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The " Organic Lake Virophage " (scientifically " Organic Lake virophage ", OLV ) is a double-stranded DNA virophage , i. H. a virus that requires the presence of another virus ( helper virus ) to replicate, thereby limiting the ability of that other virus to replicate. It was detected metagenomically in samples from the Organic Lake in Antarctica .
As of March 2019, the OLV is not registered by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) understands the OLV as an unconfirmed virus species in the family Lavidaviridae , which also includes the ICTV-confirmed genera Sputnikvirus (with the species Sputnik virophage and Zamilona virophage ) and Mavirus .
construction
The virions (virus particles) of OLV appear to have a diameter of approx. 100 nm and to be enveloped. The genome consists of double-stranded DNA and is 26,421 bp in length . It codes for 38 proteins . These include the envelope protein ( english major coat protein ), a DNA Packaging- ATPase , a putative DNA polymerase / primase and N6 adenine -specific DNA methyltransferase .
Multiplication
OLV probably parasitizes organic lake phycodnaviruses (OLPV), which belong less to the Phycodnaviridae than to the extended Mimiviridae (i.e. the order Imitervirales ) (group III: proposed sister family “ Mesomimiviridae ” around the “ OLPG ” group).
Systematics
For the classification of Lavidaviridae with OLV, Sputnik virus (with Sputnik - and Zamilon -Virophagen), " Yellowstone Lake Virophage 1 " to " 7 " (YSLV1 to YSLV7) and " Dishui Lake Virophage 1 " were (DSLV1) Various Suggestions made, for example by Gong et al. (2016), Fig. 5, or from Krupovic et al. (2016), Fig. 4.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f ICTV: ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1 , New MSL including all taxa updates since the 2018b release, March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ↑ a b S. Yau, FM Lauro, MZ Demaere, MV Brown, Thomas first5 = T., MJ Raftery, C. Andrews-Pfannkoch, M. Lewis, JM Hoffman, JA Gibson, R. Cavicchioli: Virophage control of antarctic algal host virus dynamics . In: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA . 108, No. 15, April 2011, pp. 6163-6168. bibcode : 2011PNAS..108.6163Y . doi : 10.1073 / pnas.1018221108 . PMID 21444812 . PMC 3076838 (free full text).
- ↑ ICTV : ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 MSL # 34v from March 2019
- ↑ NCBI : Organic Lake virophage
- ↑ Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Natalya Yutin: Evolution of double-stranded DNA viruses of eukaryotes: From bacteriophages to transposons to giant viruses , in: ResearchGate Literature Review, February 2015, doi: 10.1111 / nyas.12728 , Figure 3
- ↑ Blog of Carolina Reyes, Kenneth Stedman: Are Phaeocystis globosa viruses (OLPG) and Organic Lake phycodnavirus a part of the Phycodnaviridae or Mimiviridae? , on ResearchGate, Jan. 8, 2016
- ↑ Weijia Zhang, Jinglie Zhou, Taigang Liu, Yongxin Yu, Yingjie Pan, Shuling Yan, Yongjie Wang: Four novel algal virus genomes discovered from Yellowstone Lake metagenomes In: Scientific Reports , 5, No. 15131 (2015), doi: 10.1038 / srep15131
- ^ Virus host DB: Yellowstone lake mimivirus
- ↑ Chaowen Gong, Weijia Zhang, Xuewen Zhou, Hongming Wang, Guowei Sun, Jinzhou Xiao, Yingjie Pan, Shuling Yan, Yongjie Wang: Novel Virophages detected in a Freshwater Lake in China . In: Front. Micribiol., January 22, 2016, doi: 10.3389 / fmicb.2016.00005
- ↑ Mart Krupovic, Jens H. Kuhn, Matthias G. Fischer: A classification system for virophages and satellite viruses , in: Archives of Virology, January 2016, Volume 161, No. 1, pp. 233-247, doi: 10.1007 / s00705 -015-2622-9
Web links
- Organic Lake virophage . In:NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 938080.
- J. Zhou, W. Zhang, S. Yan, J. Xiao, Y. Zhang, B. Li, Y. Pan, Y. Wang: Diversity of virophages in metagenomic data sets. In: Journal of Virology . Volume 87, number 8, April 2013, pp. 4225-4236, doi : 10.1128 / JVI.03398-12 , PMID 23408616 , PMC 3624350 (free full text).
- Meriem Bekliz, Philippe Colson, Bernard La Scola; Eric O. Freed (Ed.): The Expanding Family of Virophages , in: Viruses v.8 (11); November 2016, PMC 5127031 (free full text), PMID 27886075 , doi: 10.3390 / v8110317