Organization technology
Organizational techniques are used in the context of organizational management for individual activities in the problem-solving process. These techniques are understood as tools of organizational design .
The selection of an organizational technique depends on the scope and complexity of the problem and the desired precision of the result. In addition, the understanding of all those involved with regard to the technology used determines the success of its use.
Classification of organizational techniques
Organization techniques can be divided into six groups depending on the phase of the design process:
- Techniques of elicitation
- Documentation techniques
- Techniques of analysis
- Techniques of finding solutions
- Assessment Techniques
- Project management techniques
Techniques of elicitation
In the organizational planning phase, the focus is on obtaining information for problem solving. Regardless of the specific problem, the principle "to collect the information as detailed as necessary and not as detailed as possible" applies .
Collection techniques are used to collect relevant information about an existing organization. With the help of the document analysis , the questionnaire and the interview ( survey ), the moderation technique , the observation , the multi-snapshot as well as the time study , the required information is obtained from people and from documents.
Documentation techniques
The structures of an organization must be clearly and unambiguously described in order to make the overall context of the work processes recognizable for those involved. The mapping of the current situation represents the basis for criticism and improvement approaches.
Organizations can be represented graphically and verbally. This representation of the organizational structures takes place through verbal description, through relationship diagrams of the system elements or through sequence diagrams of processes.
"The organizational issues are often summarized in an organization manual." This serves "as a reference work for the employees of a company."
The documentation techniques include the job description (so-called blue prints), the function diagram , the flow chart , the organization chart , the follow-up plan and the organization database .
Techniques of analysis
In the course of the situation analysis, organizational weaknesses are to be discovered and ways of eliminating them are shown.
The checklist , the cause-and-effect diagram , the network technology, the structured analysis , the event-driven process chain and finally the ABC analysis are suitable to support this process .
Techniques of finding solutions
In the case of extensive and poorly structured problems, creativity techniques can be used to collect innovative ideas. Overcoming entrenched ways of thinking and the positive effect of group dynamics increases the likelihood of finding a suitable solution using different approaches.
As proven techniques, brainstorming , brainwriting ( method 635 ), relevance tree analysis and morphological analysis (creativity technique ) can be named.
Assessment Techniques
The evaluation of organizational problem solutions takes place with regard to the relationship between the costs used and the resulting success.
For this purpose, the methods of verbal evaluation, cost comparison calculation , amortization calculation , benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis are used.
Project management techniques
Project management techniques deal with scheduling throughout the project. In addition to the work packages for rough planning and the activities for detailed planning, the time dependencies and the time required for the individual work steps must be known. The progressive termination, which is terminated forwards from the start of the project, differs from the retrograde termination , since it starts at the end of the project.
The schedule list , the bar chart , the network plan technique , the earned value analysis, the milestone trend analysis or the risk analysis can be used for scheduling .
Use of the techniques
The extent to which the use of an organizational technique is successful depends on its correct and appropriate use. In concrete terms, this means that the right technology must first be selected for an existing organizational problem, which must then be applied in the right way.
literature
- Rolf Bühner, Business Organization Studies , 10th edition, Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich Vienna, 2004, ISBN 3-486-27500-3
- Kasper / Mayrhofer, Personnel Management Leadership Organization , 3rd edition, Linde Verlag, Vienna, 2002, ISBN 3-7073-0430-2
- Michael Wolff, Information-Oriented Organizational Management: Designing Organizational Decision-Making Processes , 1st edition, Hampp Verlag, Munich, 2003, ISBN 3-87988-758-6
swell
- ^ A b Manfred Schulte-Zurhausen , Organization , 3rd edition, Verlag Vahlen, Munich, 2002, ISBN 3-8006-2825-2