Organs of the Oliva Cathedral
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The organs of the cathedral in Oliva are historical organs. The main organ has been built since 1763 and has been rebuilt several times. It has the largest preserved baroque prospectus ever. The prospectus of the side organ is from 1680.
history
Oldest organs
The oldest mention of an organ in the Cistercian monastery of Oliva is from 1433 . In 1498 there were already two organs. These were destroyed in 1577 when the monastery was devastated by an angry crowd. In 1580 a small organ with two short manuals was built, and from 1603–1604 Christian Neumann created a new, large organ, probably with parts of the previous instruments. In 1626 both organs were damaged in a Swedish attack. In 1628 a new large organ was built. Probably in 1655 the Swedish admiral Wrangel had the small organ brought to the Skolkloster near Stockholm. It should remain there until today. Investigations showed, however, that the instrument there was made in Sweden in 1667.
In 1680 a new choir organ was built. The builder is unknown, possibly it was Johann Georg Wolff. In 1758 this was renewed by Johann Wilhelm Wulff and expanded from 14 to 18 registers.
New organ built by Johann Wilhelm Wulff and Friedrich Rudolf Dalitz 1763–1793
In 1763 Johann Wilhelm Wulff began building a new organ on behalf of Abbot Jacek Rybiński . This was to be the greatest of its time. Since the west gallery did not offer enough space, he constructed the prospect in the shape of a horseshoe. About 20-25 Cistercian monks were probably involved in the construction.
In 1788 construction was interrupted for unknown reasons. A new abbot had requested changes to the structure, possibly this was the cause. From 1790 to 1793 the well-known organ builder Friedrich Rudolf Dalitz from Danzig completed the instrument. He moved the console to the north side and exchanged parts of the top and pedal mechanism.
The organ was the largest of its time, with 83 stops and 7,900 pipes on three manuals and pedal.
Conversions by Friedrich Wilhelm Kaltschmidt 1853–1855
In 1831 the Cistercian monastery was dissolved and the church became a parish church. The organ had become flawed and dull over the decades. From 1863 to 1865 Friedrich Wilhelm Kaltschmidt from Stettin made repairs. He renewed the game mechanics, the wind chests, built 30 new registers, and reworked a few more.
Modifications by the Dinse brothers in 1902 and Josef Goebel in 1935
In 1874 Carl Schuricht restored the choir organ. In 1902 the brothers Paul and Oswald Dinse renewed tongue registers in the main, crown and pedal movements. The choir organ was given a pneumatic action with 14 registers. In 1914 the pewter pipes of the large organ could be protected from access as war material, in 1917 the pewter pipes of the choir organ were removed.
In 1935 Josef Goebel from Danzig renewed almost the entire organ. The baroque prospectus and about half of the pipes have been preserved. The action mechanism was electropneumatic, a new free-standing console was built with four (instead of five) manuals, the registers were divided into six movements. The organ now had 87 registers. For this purpose, the choir organ was connected to the main organ with an electrical cable. Both together were thus one of the largest in the Baltic Sea region with 101 registers and 6,800 pipes.
Repairs and modifications since 1945
The organs were only slightly damaged in 1945, the historic prospect pipes had been moved to another location and some other metal pipes were looted. In 1945 Friedrich Schwarz, a former employee of Josef Goebel, put the prospect pipes back in and made the organ fit again. In 1955 Wacław Biernacki replaced the missing pipes. Organ festivals have been held in Oliwa every year since 1958.
From 1966 to 1968 Zygmunt Kamiński carried out some renovations. A new electric gaming table was built. A positive was built as a separate third instrument. All three instruments together had 110 stops and pipes. From 2000 to 2004 Zdzisław Mollin cleaned and repaired the front pipes. Except for the pedal register Oktavbas all could be preserved. A new gaming table was built that allows 8x8 = 64 free combinations.
A new instrument from Kemper with 17 registers was built into the historic case of the choir organ.
Organs
| Organs of the Oliva Cathedral | |
|---|---|
| General | |
| alternative name | Main organ |
| place | Cathedral of the Assumption |
| Organ builder |
Friedrich Wilhelm Wulff , Friedrich Rudolf Dalitz |
| Construction year | 1763-1788, 1790-1793 |
| Last renovation / restoration | 1863–1865 Friedrich Wilhelm Kaltschmidt 1935 Josef Goebel 1955 Wacław Biernacki 1968 Zygmunt Kamińsku 2003 Zdzisław Mollin |
| epoch | 18.-20. century |
| Organ landscape | West Prussia / Poland |
| Illustrations | |
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| Technical specifications | |
| Number of registers | 85 |
| Number of manuals | 5 |
| Number of 32 'registers | 2 |
The Cathedral of the Assumption of Our Lady in Oliwa now has three organs that can be played together from a common console. The main organ has 85 registers with five manuals and pedal , a separate positive has 9 sounding registers and the choir organ has 17 registers with two manuals. Together they are one of the largest organs in Poland with 111 stops, 161 rows of pipes and five manuals .
Main organ and positive
The positive (Manual I) and the large organ (Manuals II – V) have the following disposition today.
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- Pair : I / II, III / II, IV / II, V / II, IV / III, V / III, V / IV
Side organ
| Organs of the Oliva Cathedral | |
|---|---|
| General | |
| alternative name | Side organ |
| place | Cathedral of the Assumption |
| Organ builder | Kemper |
| Construction year | ? |
| Last renovation / restoration | 2003 installation in Oliva |
| Organ landscape | Lübeck |
| Illustrations | |
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| Technical specifications | |
| Number of registers | 17th |
| Number of manuals | 2 |
The side organ is in the historical prospectus from 1680. It was built by the Kemper company from Lübeck and installed in Oliwa in 2003. It can also be played on the central console, there on manuals IV and V.
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
Parts of the organs
The organ prospectus dates from the time the organ was built in 1763/1788. The moving figures have their original mechanics. The organ prospectus is unique in its form and is one of the largest prospectuses in the world.
All 445 prospect pipes come from Wulff. Around half of the pipework in the case is still from Wulff, Friedrich Rudolf Dalitz and Friedrich Wilhelm Kaltschmidt. The other half comes mostly from Josef Goebel, in small parts also from Wacław Biernacki and Zygmunt Kamiński.
The parts of the organs are located
- Kronwerk (Manual V) in the west facade.
- Swell (Manual IV) is located in the rear part of the north facade.
- Brustwerk (Manual III) is hidden behind the prospectus in the front part of the north and south facades.
- The main work (Manual II) is in the prospectus in the north and south facades.
- Positive (Manual I) is located in the third western arcade arch.
- The pedal mechanism is located in the front part of the prospectus in the north and south facades (as it was built by Wulff at the time). The pedal towers at the beginning of both facades hold the pipes of the Principal 16 'register.
- The choir organ is located in the south wing of the transept and can be played from there, as well as from manuals IV and V of the console of the large organ
All three instruments are equipped with an electro-pneumatic action mechanism. Some of the magnets used in this action still come from the renovation by Josef Goebel.
Organ prospectus
The organ front is adorned with a rich rococo decoration. On the prospectus as well as on the individual pipe fields sit or stand angel figures holding trumpets, trumpets or bells in their hands. Wulff made these figures mobile so that the angels rang the bells and moved their trumpets and trumpets as if they were playing themselves. In the middle of the west gallery, a golden sun crowns the prospectus. Together with the stars attached in several places on the prospectus, it is also movable and rings when a special register is activated. A total of over 40 figures adorn the organ front, 29 of which are movable.
Web links
- Organs in Oliva Danziger Orgeln (German)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dispositions of the organs in Olwa Danziger Orgeln (German)