Organs of Cologne Cathedral

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Organs of Cologne Cathedral
Cologne Cathedral transept organ.JPG
General
place Cologne cathedral
Organ builder Organ manufacture Klais
Construction year 1948/1956
1998
2006
Technical specifications
Number of pipes 11,359 in total, of which:
transept organ: 7,274
nave organ: 3,963
high pressure unit: 122
Number of registers Transept organ: 89
+ 10 transmissions
+ 2 effect registers
nave organ : 53
high pressure unit: 2
Number of manuals Transept organ: 4
nave organ: 3
Number of 32 'registers 5
Number of 64 'registers 1
Others
Eminent organists

Winfried Bönig cathedral organist

The cathedral has two main organs of the organ builder Klais were built from Bonn: The transept organ was in a gallery in the northern 1948 crossing completed the nave organ was built 1998th Both organs can be played from a common console, as can a high-pressure unit that was installed in the west of the cathedral in 2006.

In addition, the cathedral has two small organs, which only serve to provide sound to certain parts of the cathedral: the so-called Marienorgan in the Marienkapelle, and an organ in the sacrament chapel.

Winfried Bönig has been the cathedral organist since 2002, succeeding Clemens Ganz . Ulrich Brüggemann has been the second organist since 1994 .

history

The Cologne Cathedral received its first large organ in 1572. It was installed on the partition wall that separated the structurally completed choir from the unfinished nave. An overhaul of the organ begun in 1790, which amounted to a new building, was interrupted due to the entry of the French troops on October 6, 1794 in Cologne and could only be completed in 1821. In the course of the structural completion of the nave, the partition wall was demolished in 1863. This made it necessary to find a new location for the organ in the cathedral. However, the search turned out to be difficult for acoustic reasons. It was only on the recommendation of the French organ builder Aristide Cavaillé-Coll , who was asked to attend the site, that the organ was moved to a place on the inside of the north transept facade. There, however, the instrument was not able to fill the large interior of the cathedral with sound at an appropriate volume . The organ was only expanded in 1928 for reasons of cost. The location, however, remained problematic as the organ was impaired by repeated echoes . The old organ was completely destroyed by bombs that hit the vaults of the north transept in 1943.

Today's cathedral organs

The two main organs in the transept and nave, as well as the fanfares of the high pressure work in the west work, serve to sound the cathedral.

Transept organ

Transept organ of Cologne Cathedral
West side

The transept organ was built in the north-eastern corner of the crossing after the Second World War, when the cathedral had not yet been restored, but the nave was still separated from the transept and the chancel by a shield wall. The transept organ was built in 1948 with 68 stops (and two transmissions) on three manuals and a pedal and was inaugurated on the occasion of the 700th anniversary of the cathedral.

The transept organ is located on a concrete gallery at a relatively low height in the east aisle of the north transept. This location is unusual for Gothic cathedrals, but is explained on the one hand by the fact that the nave of the cathedral was cordoned off for reconstruction work until 1956, and on the other hand by the fact that the liturgy before the Second Vatican Council was more focused on the choir and high altar than it is today .

The transept organ is spacious and free on the gallery. Some of her works are arranged on two levels. As far as is visible , it is enclosed by sounding prospect pipes that form a free pipe prospect . It is classically arranged, with features of the neo-baroque organ movement.

The transept organ was too small after the nave was completed and the partition wall was removed to provide sound to the cathedral. Therefore, a fourth manual was added in 1956 and its disposition was partially rearranged and expanded to 86 registers. In 2002 the instrument received a high pressure solo movement with two labial registers and three tube registers, in 2011 a clearinet was added; the wind pressure of these registers is 270 mm WS. In the solo work (fourth manual) you can find the old mixtures of the organs from 1948, as well as an old quintade that was supposed to be dropped when the instrument was reorganized.

Today the transept organ has 89 stops (plus ten transmissions) and two effect stops on four manuals and pedal. The actions are electro-pneumatic.

I Rückpositiv C – c 4
01. Portal flute 08th'
02. Lovely Gedackt0 08th'
03. recorder 04 ′
04th Super octave 02 ′
05. Sesquialter II 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
06th Scharff IV – VI 01 ⁄ 2 ′
07th Krummhorn 08th'
Tremulant

I positive C – c 4
08th. Gedacktpommer0 16 ′
09. Metal flute 08th'
10. Reed flute 08th'
11. Salicet 08th'
12. Principal 04 ′
13. Pointed flute 04 ′
14th Nasard 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
15th Forest flute 02 ′
16. third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
17th Sif flute 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
18th Mixture IV-V 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
19th Dulcian 16 ′
20th Trumpet 08th'
Tremulant
II main work C – c 4
21st Grand Principal0 32 '
22nd Principal 16 ′
23. Drone 16 ′
24. Principal 08th'
25th Octav 08th'
26th Open flute 08th'
27. Dumped 08th'
28. Gemshorn 08th'
29 Cane fifth 05 1 ⁄ 3  ′
30th Octave 04 ′
31. Reed flute 04 ′
32. third 03 1 ⁄ 5  ′
33. Seventh 02 2 ⁄ 7  ′
34. Super octave 02 ′
35. Wide flute 02 ′
36. Large Mix IV 04 ′
37. Rauschpfeife III 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
38. Mixture VI – VIII 02 ′
39. Trumpet 16 ′
40. Trumpet 08th'
41. Head trumpet 04 ′
III Swell C – c 4
42. Big dumped 16 ′
43. Principal 08th'
44. Wooden flute 08th'
45. Gamba 08th'
46. Vox coelestis I-II 0 08th'
47. Octav 04 ′
48. Flute 04 ′
49. Nasard 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
50. Schwegel 02 ′
50. third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
51. Night horn 01'
52. Mixture IV 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
53. bassoon 16 ′
54. Trumpet 08th'
55. oboe 08th'
56. Vox humana 08th'
57. Trumpet 04 ′
Tremulant
IV Solo work C – c 4
58. Quintad 0000000 08th'
59. Coupling flute 04 ′
60. Seventh 01 1 ⁄ 7  ′
61. None 08 ⁄ 9 ′
62. Non Cornet IV 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
63. Aliquot II-III 01'
64. Terzcymbel III – IV 01 ⁄ 3 ′
Tremulant

IV high pressure unit C – c 4
65. Concert flute 08th'
66. Stentor viol 08th'
67. Tuba magna 16 ′
68. Tuba major 08th'
69. Tuba mirabilis0000 08th'
70. clarinet 08th' (2011)
Tubular bells
Cymbelstern
Pedal C – g 1
71. Vox Balaena0 64 ′
72. Principal bass 32 ′
73. Pedestal 32 ′
74. Principal bass 16 ′
75. Contrabass 16 ′
76. Sub bass 16 ′
77. Violon bass 16 ′
78. Octavbass 08th'
79. Flute bass 08th'
80. Dacked bass 08th'
81. Choral bass 04 ′
82. Bass flute 04 ′
83. Principal 02 ′
84. Backset VI 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
85. Mixture IV 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
86. Contraposaune 0 32 ′
87. trombone 16 ′
88 Bassoon (= No. 53) 16 ′
89. Bass trumpet 08th'
90. Clarine 04 ′
  • Couple
    • Normal coupling: III / I, IV / I; I / II, III / II, IV / II; IV / III; I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
    • Super-octave coupling: I / I (equallation off), II / II, III / III, IV / IV; I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
    • Sub-octave coupling: II / II, III / III, IV / IV
    • Equal: from II, from III, from IV
    • Others: Positive (lower load) / IV; Pedal / IV; Nave organ / I, transept organ / II; Positive of the transept organ / III
  • annotation
  1. ↑ from Pedal, see the information about the transept organ on the homepage of the builder company.
  2. ↑ Penetrating tongues, with its own wind sill.
  3. ↑ with the possibility to activate a damper.
  4. ↑ 5 bells; Melody of "Mer losse der Dom in Kölle"; Speed ​​can be reduced.
  5. ↑ acoustic, quintextension 21 1 ⁄ 3  ′ from principal bass 32 ′.
  6. ↑ Newly made in 2015.
(General) console of the transept organ

The console of the transept organ stands behind the Rückpositiv, the organist sits with his back to the altar. The console serves as a general console for the transept organ, nave organ and the fanfare register in the westwork. It has four keyboards, the rocker registers are arranged to the left and right of the keyboards: on the left are the registers of the transept organ, on the right those of the nave organ and the fanfare, which are secured by a lock. The console has two monitors, which the organist can use to operate various cameras in the cathedral, and a. the chancel, the location of the cathedral choirs and the console of the nave organ. The gaming table has the most modern gaming electronics, to which u. a. also registerable interval coupling and a replay system count.

Nave organ

Well positioned acoustically: swallow's nest organ in the nave
Hanging on steel rods: 53 registers, 3,963 pipes weighing 30 tons

The nave organ was consecrated in 1998 as the second main organ. It remedied the unsatisfactory sound situation of the post-war period, particularly of the liturgical organ playing .

The nave organ is acoustically well positioned in the Gothic church interior, but it interrupts the spatial continuum of nave central nave, crossing and high choir desired by the neo-Gothicists of the 19th century. The organ is built as a swallow's nest organ and weighs around 30 tons. It is about 20 m high and hangs about 20 m above the floor on four 35 mm thick steel rods that are anchored in the roof structure. It hangs directly in front of the north wall of the nave without touching the wall. In doing so, it partially covers an upper facade window so that a band of light shines around it.

The nave organ has a total of 53 registers (3,963 pipes ), which are distributed over a pedal and the three manual works Rückpositiv , Hauptwerk and Schwellwerk . The organ is located in a frame that is stabilized by the rear wall of the organ case and an approximately 71 cm wide case band. The case band is clipped to the nave pillars. The organ frame consists of a steel frame with four iron grates that form four functional levels. The top level makes up about half of the nave organ. There in the middle at the top are the bellows and the pipes of the main, swell and pedal work. Some pedal whistles are shown in the brochure . The top level ends with the housing strap at the bottom. Below that, the housing is tapered or slimmed down. The second level is in front of the triforium ; the organist can enter it from this corridor to get to the play area. On the third level below is the Rückpositiv.

On the fourth, the lowest level, a special secondary register is built in: When you press the Loss jonn train (High German: "Now do it!"), A flap opens below the Rückpositiv, from which a wooden figure with a fool's cap swings out. The figure is modeled after the former provost Bernard Henrichs . In addition, a musical mechanism plays the song “ Mer losse d'r Dom en Kölle ” inside the organ . In the meantime there is a second switch called "Loss nit jonn" in a secret place in the organ to block the stop from being used too often.

The nave organ has its own play system and can be played from the console of the transept organ.

I Rückpositiv C – c 4
01. Bourdun 16 ′
02. Praestant 08th'
03. Reed flute 08th'
04th Salicional 08th'
05. Principal 04 ′
06th Pointed flute 04 ′
07th Nasard 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
08th. Forest flute 02 ′
09. third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
10. Fifth 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
11. Scharff V 01'
12. Dulcian 16 ′
13. Cromhorn 08th'
14th Vox Humana0 08th'
Tremulant
II main work C – c 4
15th Praestant 16 ′
16. Principal 08th'
17th Double flute 08th'
18th Gemshorn 08th'
19th Octave 04 ′
20th Reed flute 04 ′
21st Fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
22nd Super octave 02 ′
23. Mixtura Major V 02 ′
24. Mixtura Minor IV0 02 ⁄ 3 ′
25th Cornet V (from f 0 ) 08th
26th Trumpet 16 ′
27. Trumpet 08th'
28. Trumpet 04 ′
III Swell C – c 4
29 Salicet 16 ′
30th Principal 08th'
31. Drone 08th'
32. Viol 08th'
33. Vox coelestis (from F)0 08th'
34. Octave 04 ′
35. Transverse flute 04 ′
36. Fifth flute 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
37. Flageolet 02 ′
38. Third flute 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
39. Mixture IV 02 ′
40. bassoon 16 ′
41. Trumpet 08th'
42. oboe 08th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – g 1
43. Violon 32 ′
44. Principal 16 ′
45. Sub-bass 16 ′
46. Fifth 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
47. Octave 08th'
48. Beard pipe 08th'
49. Super octave0 04 ′
50. flute 02 ′
51. trombone 16 ′
52. Trumpet 08th'
53. Clarine 04 ′
  • Pairing :
    • Normal coupling: I / II, III / II, III / I, I / P, II / P, III / P
    • Sub-octave coupling: III / III, III / II
    • Super octave coupling: III / III, III / II, III / I

High pressure plant

In 2006, the organ ensemble in the cathedral was expanded to include a high pressure unit (Bombardewerk) with two high pressure registers : a tuba episcopalis 8 ′ (episcopal tuba) and a tuba capitularis 8 ′ (tuba of the cathedral chapter). The bombardment is in the west of the cathedral, to the side in front of the large west window between the towers, on the triforium benches at a height of about 20 m. The registers are divided into C and C sharp sides and are arranged on both sides of the central yoke. The 122 pipes of the two reeds protrude horizontally into the church; however, they are not arranged on one level, but vertically above one another.

The fanfares should ensure a representative sound even when the church is full and are only played during festive services on major holidays and on special occasions. These registers are also played from the central console of the transept organ; they can be linked to any manual and to the pedal; In addition, the sound volume can be expanded by the sub and super octave couplings . The interplay is a particular challenge for the organist, as the sound of the far-away fanfares only reaches his ears a few fractions of a second later.

Fanfares C – c 4
Tuba episcopalis (Episcopal Fanfare) 08th'
Tuba capitularis (fanfare of the cathedral chapter) 08th'
  • Pairing :
    • Normal coupling: Tuba / I, Tuba / II, Tuba / III, Tuba / IV, Tuba / P
    • Sub / super octave coupling: Sub in tuba, Super in tuba, Equal in tuba

Other instruments

There are also smaller instruments in the cathedral that are used to provide sound in certain areas of the cathedral.

Lady Chapel

Marien organ in the ambulatory

The Marien organ stands on the ground floor to the side of the choir, in the choir aisle (Marienkapelle). The instrument was built in 1874 by Daniel Roetzel and originally stood in the church of Balve . In 1963 the organ was built by Romanus Seifert into a baroque case from around 1700. The Marienorgel has 12 stops on two manual works and a pedal; the actions are mechanical, the instrument supplies its pipes with air via slide chests .

I main work Cf 3
1. Coupling flute 08th'
2. Principal 04 ′
3. Fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
4th Mixture IV 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
5. Trumpet 08th'
II subsidiary work Cf 3
06th Covered 08th'
07th Reed flute 04 ′
08th. Principal 02 ′
09. Cornett III 08th'
10. Cymbel II
Tremulant
Pedal Cd 1
11. Sub bass 16 ′
12. Flute bass II 08 ′ + 4 ′

Sacrament chapel

The organ in the Sacrament Chapel was built by the Seifert organ building company. The slider chest instrument has 15 stops on two manuals and a pedal.

I main work Cg 3
1. Reed flute 08th'
2. Viola di gamba 04 ′
3. Principal 04 ′
4th Capstan whistle 04 ′
5. Nasard 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
6th Mixture V 01 1 ⁄ 3 
II Swell Cg 3
07th Dumped 08th'
08th. recorder 04 ′
09. Principal 02 ′
10. third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
11. Sharp cymbel IV 02 ⁄ 3 ′
12. shawm 08th'
Pedal Cf 1
13. Pedestal 16 ′
14th Open bass 08th'
15th Beard pipe 04 ′

Organ celebration hours

The Cologne Cathedral Chapter has held the so-called organ celebration hours in the cathedral since 1960. International organists play an organ concert on the cathedral organs every Tuesday for twelve weeks in summer. The opening concert, the 6th concert and the closing concert are traditionally performed by cathedral organist Winfried Bönig .

literature

→ Main page: Bibliography on Cologne Cathedral (in the portal: Cologne Cathedral )

  • The organs of Cologne Cathedral - the new swallow's nest organ in Cologne Cathedral. Festschrift on the occasion of the inauguration on June 29, 1998 with leaflet: The transept organ in Cologne Cathedral (masterpieces of Cologne Cathedral 4), Cologne 1998/2002
  • Renate Hofmann: One touch, one tone, Verlag Schnell und Steiner, Regensburg 1999, ISBN 978-3795412456 (the new nave organ)
  • Franz-Josef Vogt: On the history of the Cologne cathedral organ in the 19th century in: Kölner Domblatt 53/1988
  • Arnold Wolff: From the organs of the Cologne Cathedral , in: Arnold Wolff, Toni Diederich (ed.): The Cologne Cathedral reading and picture book, Cologne 1990, pp. 136-140

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The organs in Cologne Cathedral
  2. ↑ Information on the cathedral organists
  3. ^ Arnold Wolff: From the organs of the Cologne Cathedral, in: Arnold Wolff, Toni Diederich (ed.): The Cologne Cathedral reading and picture book, Cologne 1990, p. 138ff
  4. ↑ Information about the transept organ on the website of the builder company
  5. ↑ On wind pressure
  6. ↑ For disposition on the website of the builder company. The nine transmissions of the solo work from the positive are not listed there
  7. ↑ Presentation of the gaming table on Youtube
  8. ↑ Information on the nave organ
  9. ↑ Disposition of the nave organ
  10. ↑ Renate Hofmann: One touch, one tone . Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Regensburg 1999, Fig. 121.
  11. ^ Image of the "Loss Jonn" on the website of the organ building company
  12. ↑ Information on the fanfare registers on the organ building company's website
  13. ↑ Disposition of the letterpress on the website of the organ building company
  14. ↑ Information on the St. Mary's Organ on the Cologne Cathedral website
  15. ↑ Disposition of the organ in the Marienkapelle on the Cologne Cathedral Music website
  16. ↑ Information on the organ in the Sacrament Chapel on the Cologne Cathedral Music page
  17. ↑ Booklet to the organ celebration hours, 59th cycle 2019, p. 3
  18. ↑ Kölner Dommusik.de: Organ celebration hour

Web links

Portal: Cologne Cathedral  - Overview of Wikipedia content on the subject of Cologne Cathedral
Commons : Organs of Cologne Cathedral  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 28.6 "  N , 6 ° 57 ′ 29.4"  E