Paionien

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Location and ancient tribes of Paionia

Paionien or Paionia ( Greek  Παιονία , Latin  Paeonia ) was the name of a landscape on the Balkan Peninsula in ancient times . It bordered north on the Kingdom of Macedonia . To the west and north was Illyria, and to the east was Thrace . The main town was initially Bylazora , later it became Stobi . Both cities were on the Axios River .

The territory of ancient Paionia is shared by the modern states of North Macedonia , Greece and Bulgaria .

history

Philip II of Macedonia conquered the area and made it tributary to his empire. Little is otherwise known about the history of Paionia and its inhabitants. Either the Paionians immigrated from Asia Minor in prehistoric times (some ancient authors say they are related to the Phrygians ) or they belong to the Thracian peoples of the Balkan Peninsula. At the time of the Persian Wars in the early 5th century BC Their territory extended far to the southeast as far as the Strymon and the Chalkidike peninsula . Paionien was ruled by kings, who only exercised sovereignty over several autonomous tribes. Lykkeios (356–335 BC) and Patraos (335–315 BC) minted their own coins. At that time, the Hellenization of the region was already in full swing.

Others

Until the municipal reform of 1997 there was a province (Greek Eparchía επαρχία ) with the name Peonía in today's state of Greece . Today the municipality of Peonia bears the name, in which the small town of Polykastro is located.

literature

  • Eleonora Petrova: Paeonia in the 2nd and the 1st millennia BC. Editio Monumenta Macedoniae. 3, Skopje 1999.
  • Grace H. Macurdy: Troy and Paeonia. With glimpses of ancient Balkan history and religion. New York 1925.
  • Sylloge nummorum graecorum denmark the royal collection of coins and medals danish national museum Copenhagen, 40. Pars 3: Philip III - Philip VI, Macedonia under the Romans, kings of Paeonia. Copenhagen 1943.
  • Sylloge nummorum Graecorum. Italia: Milano, Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche, 6. Macedonia - Thracia. Pars 1: Macedonia greca - Paeonia - Emissioni di area celtica. London 1999.