Cardboard furniture
Cardboard furniture or cardboard furniture are made from cardboard tubes, honeycomb panels, cardboard , corrugated board produced or combination of these materials. They are light and can be set up in a few simple steps and mostly without the use of tools.
A simple and well-known form is the corrugated cardboard stool ( cardboard stool ).
history
In previous centuries, paper mache furniture was a common object. The Stobwasser manufactory and the paper mache dynasty Adt were already working with this material in the 18th century . Cardboard was pressed, soaked in linseed oil and then hardened under the action of heat. At that time, attempts were often made to imitate common shapes and materials. Today, attention is paid to materiality, processing and construction as a means of expression.
Durability and dimensional stability are achieved through the use of appropriate constructions. Designers and architects have been creating series-produced collections for the last century. Peter Raacke introduced such furniture as early as 1966.
Cardboard furniture became more popular in the early 1970s when the American architect Frank Gehry experimented with corrugated cardboard. As the first of his developments, seventeen designs of the "Easy Edges Line", including the "Wiggle Chair", went into production. His works - often made-to-order - are more of an art object than a consumer good. In the seventies the idea of serial production - u. a. by Hans-Peter Stange - resumed. His folding stool made of corrugated cardboard, consisting of two parts, uses a minimum of material and is mass-produced. In addition to other products, a bed made of corrugated cardboard followed in 1989, which is now sold worldwide. Beds made of folded and inserted corrugated cardboard blanks have been available at Room in a Box since 2014.
Folding stool, design: Hans-Peter Stange, Berlin 1979
Cardboard bed, design: Hans-Peter Stange, Berlin 1989
Paper tube chair, designer: Manfred Kielnhofer , Linz 2002
Cardboard shelf, design: Frank Huster
Since 2003, Stephanie Forsythe and Todd MacAllen (Molo) have been designing and producing paper honeycombs that are reversibly formed into furniture and spatial elements. In 2009 Manfred Kielnhofer developed seating furniture made of cardboard tubes ( paper tube chair ), but these are only manufactured as individual pieces and offered through galleries.
Today's products
There are very different products on the market such as stools, benches, tables, shelves, drawers and beds. Sometimes these are printed to vary the cardboard surface. The market offer is becoming broader, and the increasing importance of sustainability issues is often argued.
As a rule, cardboard, corrugated cardboard, and sheets of paper honeycomb with top layers of test and kraft liners are used to manufacture this furniture. Sometimes just paper honeycomb or paper honeycomb panels without a top layer. These are always completely or partially recycled paper materials.
material
- Solid cardboard / box
- Weight per unit area from at least 300 g / m²
- Corrugated cardboard
- Sinus wave with cover paper, single or multi-layer, basis weights depending on the structure
- Testliner and Kraftliner
- as core and cover papers
- Unclad honeycombs and honeycomb panels
- The production of pure honeycombs takes place z. B. by the linear gluing of papers that are pulled apart. Corrugated cardboard that is glued together flatly forms blocks that are separated perpendicular to the direction of the corrugation. This creates a plate.
- Different weight and (later) load bearing behavior result from the height of the sine wave.
- Laminated honeycomb panels
- Honeycomb panels as described above, but with decks made of test or kraft liner on both sides. Laminated honeycomb panels can also be produced with a closed edge.
construction
Table / chair: folding and plug-in principle
Armchair: folding and plug-in principle
Shelf: folding and plug-in principle
Chair: folding and plug-in principle
Plug connection with honeycomb panels
- wrinkles
- By folding and turning over at previously defined and embossed points, the rigidity and thus the load-bearing capacity of surfaces is increased.
- Stuck
- Flat or already folded surfaces are inserted into slots or other recesses. This increases the stability and / or a combination of individual elements is possible.
- Use of cardboard tubes
- Cardboard tubes have a high load-bearing capacity with vertical or horizontal loads. To form furniture elements, they must be connected to one another by gluing or other aids.
- layers
- By layering and gluing individual blanks made of corrugated cardboard, block-like constructions are created that are very stable under vertical loads.
- Constructions with unclad honeycomb panels
- Honeycomb panels without top layers are easy to deform. To make them stable, they must be held or fixed after deformation.
- Constructions with laminated honeycomb panels
- By gluing test or kraft liners with vertical paper honeycombs, high load-bearing components are created, which are usually joined by sticking or gluing to furniture such as stools, shelves and tables. This is the most complex and at the same time the most powerful design form.
Patent specifications, utility models and registered designs
- Günther Reinstein (Hanover): Furniture made of cardboard . Austrian patent specification 46100 (filing date: October 30, 1909)
- Allo Assmann (Enger): chair and stool made of corrugated cardboard . Utility model DE 1997033 (filing date: July 31, 1968)
- Papierfabrik Ludwig Osthushenrich KG ( Herzberg / Harz ; today Smurfit Kappa Group ): Chair, especially children's chair, made of cardboard . Patent DE 6810768 (filing date: December 10, 1968)
- Smeets and Schippers Int. (Frankfurt): Armchair made of corrugated cardboard that can be converted into a sales stand . Utility model DE 7042529 (filing date: November 17, 1970)
- Frank O. Gehry (Santa Monica): piece of furniture or the like . Patent US 2259968.4 (filing date: December 7, 1972)
- Co-Pak Verpackung GmbH (Nieder-Roden): Children's chair made of corrugated cardboard . Utility model 7533423 (filing date: October 18, 1975)
- Thimm KG (Northeim): Piece of furniture that can be plugged together from several cut parts made of corrugated cardboard, solid cardboard or similar utility model G83164545 (filing date: June 4, 1983)
- Europa Karton AG (Hamburg): Stable and stable, especially vertically loadable piece of furniture made of foldable material, in particular corrugated cardboard, for storage purposes in particular . Patent EP 0222130 (filing date: September 30, 1986)
- Bruno Rousseaux (Paris): Cardboard furniture constructable by children - is made from parallel sheets with tongues engaging in slots in end panels joined by transversal sections . Utility model FR 2645040 (filing date: April 3, 1989)
- Hans-Peter Stange (Berlin): Reclining furniture . Patent P 39 32 773.6 (filing date September 28, 1989), a total of 38 patents and utility models
- Rodger A. McCuliough (Convington): Child's Furniture and Method of Making . Patent US 5263766 (filing date: November 23, 1993)
- ROOM IN A BOX GmbH & Co. KG (Berlin): Kit and furnishings and process for their manufacture . Patent DE 201410106608 (filing date: May 12, 2014)
literature
- Graham Dry: Hans Günther Reinstein and his cardboard furniture . In: Art in Hesse and the Middle Rhine . No. 22 , 1982, pp. 131 ff .
- Bob Martens: The cardboard furniture . Technical University of Vienna, 1995, ISBN 3-901153-03-9 .
- Gernot Minke: Building with cardboard . In: DBZ . No. 11 , 1977, pp. 1497-1500 .
- Peter Schreibmayer: Cardboards. Building with cardboard . In: Architektur Aktuell . No. 146 , 1991, pp. 20-21 .
- Marion Digel: Papermade. Living with objects made of paper and cardboard . Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11580-3 .
- Olivier Leblois: Carton. Mobilier / Éco-Design / Architecture . Marseille 2008, ISBN 978-2-86364-186-6 .
- Book accompanying the exhibition “Furnishing - Living in Cardboard” . Municipal Gallery Villa Zanders, Bergisch Gladbach 2008.
- Petra Schmidt, Nicola Stattmann: Unfolded paper in design, art, architecture and industry. Basel 2009, Birkhäuser Verlag, ISBN 978-3034600316
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ German Patent and Trademark Office. Retrieved on February 1, 2018 (there is still a registered design as protection, or a design registered from 2014).