Papal coronation
The papal coronation or coronation of the pope is the official assumption of office by a pope , in which the tiara is placed on his head, unless he renounces a coronation in favor of an introduction without a tiara. Pope Paul VI was the last Pope to be crowned with a tiara. Since John Paul I , all popes have renounced a coronation with a tiara.
ceremonial
If an elected pope had not yet been ordained bishop , the episcopal ordination was carried out by the cardinal dean , i.e. the cardinal bishop of Ostia , within a very short time .
Until the middle of the 11th century, the enthronement of the Pope on the Kathedra Petri , the papal throne, took place before the coronation . This was always in St. Peter's Basilica or in the Basilica of San Pietro in Vincoli , where there was also a Kathedra Petri. If the chosen Pope was already a bishop, this ceremony took place immediately after the election. Only then was the new Pope entitled to take office. However, Pope Nicholas II decreed in 1059 that a Pope was entitled to hold office even without this ceremony, which is also the first written evidence of a papal coronation, and Nicholas II was also probably the first Pope to be crowned in this way. The ceremonial of the papal coronation was expanded considerably in the period that followed and also included enthronement.
Coronation Mass
The coronation mass mostly took place on the Sunday after the election. During the preceding third , the cardinals swore an oath of allegiance to the new pope. To do this, they came to the Pope's throne and kissed his hand. All the other bishops present did this by kissing the foot.
By the 16th century at the latest, this was followed by a three-fold move to the Sedia gestatoria , for which the new Pope wore a miter . Then a bundle of flax was burned before the eyes of the chosen one, for which the chosen person was awarded the Sancte Pater, sic transit gloria mundi “Holy Father, the glory of the world will pass” through the ceremonial act .
Now the actual papacy began at the high altar of St. Peter's Basilica. After the confession of guilt, the new Pope sat on a throne, the three oldest cardinal bishops spread their hands over him and prayed the Super electum Pontificem . Then the cardinal protodeacon put the pallium on him. Now the homage of the cardinals, bishops and abbots followed , which was followed by the All Saints litany.
coronation
After the papal office, the actual coronation followed. It took place on the benediction loggia of St. Peter's Basilica. The floor of the loggia was raised to the level of the stone railing and was secured by a thin provisional railing to allow a better view for the believers in St. Peter's Square. The Pope sat on a throne, surrounded by the flabelli , magnificent portable fans with white ostrich feathers. The miter was removed from him and the cardinal protodeacon put the tiara on him. Here he spoke the words
"Accipe tiaram tribus coronis ornatam, et scias te esse Patrem Principum et Regum, Rectorem Orbis, in terra Vicarium Salvatoris Nostri Jesu Christi, cui est honor et gloria in sæcula sæculorum."
"Take this tiara adorned with three crowns and know that you are the father of princes and kings, ruler of the world, on earth representative of our Savior Jesus Christ, to whom is honor and glory for all eternity."
Then the Pope said the blessing Urbi et Orbi with the tiara on his head .
Pope Paul VI was traditionally crowned - as the last Pope to date - on June 30, 1963, but gave his tiara as a gift in November 1964, during the Second Vatican Council, for the benefit of poor people in Rome. In 1975 he ordered the following in his papal election decree Romano Pontifici Eligendo in point 92:
"Eventually the Pope will be crowned by the Cardinal Protodeacon, and within a reasonable time the Patriarchal Lateran Basilica will be taken over according to the prescribed ritual."
Starting with his successor John Paul I , the popes have refused her coronation. The rite of the papal coronation has never been formally abolished. The papal election decree of John Paul II Universi Dominici Gregis does not mention the coronation.
Benedict XVI. was the first Pope in whose coat of arms a miter appeared instead of a tiara. The tiara is still part of the coat of arms of the Holy See and of the State of Vatican City.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Walter Ullmann: Brief history of the papacy in the Middle Ages . New edition, Walter de Gruyter, 1978, ISBN 9783110065053 , p. 218
- ^ Walter Ullmann: Brief history of the papacy in the Middle Ages . New edition, Walter de Gruyter, 1978, ISBN 9783110065053 , p. 129
- ^ Walter Ullmann: Brief history of the papacy in the Middle Ages . New edition, Walter de Gruyter, 1978, ISBN 9783110065053 , p. 130