Paradigalla
| Paradigalla | ||||||||||||
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Long-tailed Paradigalla ( Paradigalla carunculata ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Paradigalla | ||||||||||||
| Lesson , 1835 |
Paradigalla , also known in German under the name of Lappen Birds of Paradise , is a genus from the family of birds of paradise (Paradisaeidae) and includes only two species . Both species occur exclusively in New Guinea.
In the Red List of Endangered Species of the IUCN , the long-tailed paradigalla is listed as near threatened , the short-tailed paradigalla as not endangered ( least concern ). Both species are listed in Appendix II of the Washington Convention on the Protection of Species .
description
Due to the different length of the tail plumage, the body length of the two species of Paradigall differs greatly from one another: The long-tailed Paradigalla, with its long, strongly tiered and pointed tail plumage, reaches a body length of up to 37 centimeters, of which between 12.2 and 12 inches are missing in the male 13.7 centimeters and in the female between 11.8 and 13.1 centimeters on the control springs . The short-tailed Paradigalla reaches a body length of up to 23 centimeters, of which between 4.2 and 7.3 centimeters in males and between 5.3 and 9.1 centimeters in females are due to the control feathers. The beak has a length of 4 to 4.9 centimeters. In both species, the males are about five percent larger than the females. There is no other noticeable gender dimorphism . However, the females may be slightly more dull in color. The beak is straight, narrow and strong and significantly longer than the head. The nostrils are covered with feathers.
Both species have velvety black plumage that is very shiny. Both species have two yellow lobes on the forehead that look like melted plastic and have a waxy surface. Another lobe, which is light blue in both species, is located on the lower base of the beak. The skull shows similarities to the skulls of the paradise stars . They also share some plumage traits with this species of birds of paradise.
distribution and habitat
The species of the genus Paradigalla are common in the mountain forests of New Guinea . The long-tailed Paradigalla is endemic to the Arfak Mountains of the Vogelkop Peninsula and occurs at an altitude of 1400 m to 2100 m . The Kurzschank-Paradigalla occurs in the mountain ranges in the interior of New Guinea. The westernmost distribution area is the Weyland Mountains, in the east it extends to the Bismarck Mountains . The altitude distribution ranges from 1400 m to 2580 m . However, they are most common in altitudes between 1600 and 2400 meters.
Way of life
The two species of the genus have been researched differently. The long-tailed Paradigalla is one of the very little researched species among the birds of paradise. Clifford Frith and Bruce Beehler even point out that no other bird of paradise species has so few observations from so few regions. For the short-tailed Paradigallas, on the other hand, it is documented that they belong to the polygynous birds: males mate with several females, while the females raise the offspring alone. The incubation period is at least 19 days. According to previous observations, the females feed predominantly animal food. Small frogs and skinks, larvae, beetles, grasshoppers and earthworms, spiders, caterpillars and praying mantises were identifiable. The nestling duration is around 25 days.
Systematics
The genus includes only two species. The long-tailed Paradigalla was discovered by René Primevère Lesson in 1835 . The short-tailed Paradigalla was only discovered many years later, in 1911, by Lionel Walter Rothschild and Ernst Hartert . In the long-tailed Paradigalla, a subspecies is distinguished from the nominate form .
- Short-tailed Paradigalla ( Paradigalla brevicauda Rothschild & Hartert , 1911 )
- Long-tailed Paradigalla ( Paradigalla carunculata Lesson , 1835 )
There is another Paradigalla population in the Fakfak Mountains on the Fakfak Peninsula at the western southern end of the island of New Guinea, which was formerly assigned to the Long-tailed Paradigalla. In the meantime, however, it is assumed that this population is a species of the genus Paradigm that has not yet been scientifically described .
literature
- Bruce M. Beehler , Thane K. Pratt: Birds of New Guinea; Distribution, Taxonomy, and Systematics . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2016, ISBN 978-0-691-16424-3 .
- Clifford B. Frith, Bruce M. Beehler : The Birds of Paradise - Paradisaeidae . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1998, ISBN 0-19-854853-2 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Paradigalla carunculata in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2010. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2008. Accessed on 12 September, 2010.
- ↑ Paradigalla brevicauda the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2010. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2009. Retrieved on 12 September, 2010.
- ↑ CITES instructions for the border veterinary service: Paradisaeidae (birds of paradise) ( page no longer available , search in web archives: online )
- ↑ Frith & Beehler: The Birds of Paradise - Paradisaeidae . P. 242.
- ↑ Frith & Beehler: The Birds of Paradise - Paradisaeidae . P. 246.
- ↑ a b Frith & Beehler: The Birds of Paradise - Paradisaeidae . P. 241.
- ↑ Frith & Beehler: The Birds of Paradise - Paradisaeidae . P. 245.
- ↑ Frith & Beehler: The Birds of Paradise - Paradisaeidae . P. 243.
- ↑ Frith & Beehler: The Birds of Paradise - Paradisaeidae . P. 248.
- ↑ ITIS Report: Paradigalla Lesson, 1835 (English, accessed on September 11, 2010)
- ↑ Handbook of the Birds of the World on the Langschwanaz Paradigalla , accessed on July 9, 2017