Vogelkop
| Vogelkop | ||
 Vogelkopf and Bomberai Peninsula (West Papua, New Guinea) |
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| Geographical location | ||
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| Coordinates | 1 ° 28 ′ S , 132 ° 45 ′ E | |
| Waters 1 | Pacific Ocean | |
| Waters 2 | Bintuni Bay ( Bentuni Bay ) | |
| length | 370 km | |
| width | 215 km | |
| surface | 55,604 km² | |
 Satellite image |
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The Vogelkop (also Vogelkopf- or Doberai Peninsula , Indonesian Semenanjung Kepala Burung or Semenanjung Doberai , English Bird's Head Peninsula ) is a peninsula in northwest New Guinea in the Indonesian province of Papua Barat . The peninsula , which used to belong to Dutch New Guinea, got its Dutch name from the shape of New Guinea, which is reminiscent of the shape of a seated bird. In this view, the peninsula is identified as a head.
geography
The southeast corner of the peninsula on Cenderawasih Bay (formerly Geelvink Bay ) is part of the Teluk Cenderawasih National Park . While the coastal regions in the southwest are flat and criss-crossed by humid swamps, the north is characterized by mountains. The Tamrau Mountains in the northwest are separated from the Arfak Mountains in the northeast by the Kebar Valley . The highest point is the Gunung Mebo (formerly called Vogelkop ), a 2939 m high mountain. In the center of the Vogelkop peninsula there is a karst formation , the Ayamaru plateau with the Ayamaru lakes .
The most important places are Manokwari in the north, Sorong in the west, Bintuni and Ransiki . There are oil deposits at Sorong and Bintuni .
Bintuni Bay , which borders the peninsula in the south, is the world's mangrove swamp with an area of 4,352 km² . From 2005 to 2009, BP led the Tangguh project to produce 7.6 million tons of liquefied natural gas annually with an investment of 3 billion dollars. The bay of Bintuni widens towards the Seramsee to the west into the Berau bay . To the south lies the Bomberai Peninsula .
Flora and fauna
The Vogelkop peninsula is covered with mountain rainforests above 1000 m on an area of more than 22,000 km². Many animal species are endemic in the mountains , such as the bird butterfly Ornithoptera rothschildi , the mammal Schlegel's Ringbeutler or a still undescribed species of giant tree rats .
More than 300 species of birds inhabit the peninsula, of which at least 20 are endemic to these forests . These include the Arfaknonne , the hut gardener and the king's bird of paradise .
24 endemic species of rainbow fish ( Melanotaenia ) live on the Vogelkop Peninsula (including the Bomberai Peninsula and the offshore islands ), many of them in the karst areas, including the harlequin rainbow fish .
population
On the Vogelkophalbinsel traditionally both are Austronesian languages and Papuan languages spoken, the latter group represents the vast majority. If you add the northwestern island group Raja Ampat ( German Four Kings ) and the offshore island Meoswar (or Waar ), over 30 different languages are spoken on the Vogelkop. The geographical distribution of the languages (as elsewhere in New Guinea) reflects the different waves of settlement on the island: when the seafaring Austronesians reached New Guinea 3000–4000 years ago, the inland of the island was already inhabited by Papuan groups . The newcomers, on the other hand, mainly settled on the coasts and on the offshore islands.
The Austronesian languages on the Vogelkop Peninsula include the languages spoken on the Raja Ampat Islands in the northwest (including As on the northwest coast, east of Sorong), Wandamen in the southeast on the bird's "neck" in the region of Bintuni and Meoswar on an upstream Island in the southeast. The former regional lingua franca Biak is spoken in the Manokwari area. There are also eastern varieties of Indonesian ( English Papuan Malay ), which are now spoken in all settlements and larger cities, as well as other regional languages that have been introduced by migrants from different regions of Western New Guinea .
The spoken on the Vogelkophalbinsel Papua languages can be under the term West Papuan languages summarized, which, however, no genetic relationship indicates, but rather as a collective term for a particular geographic language area (used to usually the Moluccas with Halmahera and the Timor-Alor-Pantar group expected The phylogenetic classification of the Papuan languages has in part not yet been conclusively clarified. After Wurm, McElhanon and Voorhoeve, the South Bird's Head languages in the south-west of Vogelkops belong to the Trans-New Guinea Phylum , by far the largest non-Austronesian language family in New Guinea. Other postulated language families are the West Bird's Head languages in the west, the East Bird's Head languages Meyah and Sougb and the Hatam Mansim family in the east, and the unclassified languages Maybrat , Abun and Mpur in the interior of the peninsula.
Web links
- Tangguh LNG project for natural gas production
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b The great world atlas. Millenium House, 2009, ISBN 978-1-921209-31-4 .
- ↑ J. Sihite, N. Lense, R. Suratri, C. Gustiar, S. Kosamah: Bintuni bay nature reserve management plan, Irian Jaya Barat Province, 2006-2030. ( Memento of September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Manokwari 2005, p. 27. cf. Sundarbans
- ^ First Cargo From Indonesia's Tangguh LNG Project. ( Memento of June 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). Press release. July 6, 2009 at: www.bp.com
- ↑ Summary Environmental Impact Assessment. Tangguh LNG Project in Indonesia. ( Memento of March 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 2.3 MB). 2005.
- ↑ Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Ed.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 volumes. 3. Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
- ↑ WWF: Bird wonders of New Guinea's western-most province. accessed on July 14, 2015.
- ↑ MFI Nugraha, Kadarusman, Hubert, N., Avarre, JC, Hadiaty, RK, Slembrouck, J., Carman, O., Sudarto, Ogistira, R., Pouyaud L .: Eight new species of Rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae) from the Birds Head Region, West Papua, Indonesia. In: Cybium. 39 (2), 2015, pp. 99-130.
- ^ Western Irian Jaya . Pacific Linguistics, Canberra n.d.
- ^ Indonesia - Northwestern Irian Jaya . SIL International, Dallas 2004.
- ^ Ger Reesink: West Papuan languages: roots and development. In: Andrew Pawley et al. (Ed.): Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Pacific Linguistics, Canberra 2005, ISBN 0-85883-562-2 , p. 185.
- ^ The Ethnologue: As . Retrieved January 22, 2011.
- ^ A b Ger Reesink: West Papuan languages: roots and development. In: Andrew Pawley et al. (Ed.): Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Pacific Linguistics, Canberra 2005, ISBN 0-85883-562-2 , pp. 186-187.
- ^ CL Voorhoeve: Central and Western Trans-New Guinea Phylum Languages. In: SA Wurm (Ed.): Papuan Languages and the New Guinea Linguistic Scene. Pacific Linguistics, Canberra 1977, ISBN 0-85883-132-5 .
