Parasomnia
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| G47 | sleep disorders |
| F51 | Inorganic sleep disorders |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
With the term Parasomnia ( Greek παρά , pará , “at”, “in”, “during”, “next to” and Latin somnus , “the sleep”, results “occurring during sleep”) undesirable and inappropriate behavior problems, which predominantly result from occur out of sleep.
It can happen that the sleep process is interrupted and sleep is no longer restful.
In childhood, these sleep disorders occur, among other things, due to a temporary malfunction of the brain and are usually to be regarded as harmless. In adulthood, the parasomnias are usually more complex and characterized by abnormal behavior, so that in certain cases they require medical clarification. Especially when these sleep disorders occur regularly, the health of those affected and those in the vicinity are endangered. In the case of a prohibited act in a proven parasomnic episode, there may be incapacity .
Scientific research suggests that increased postcentral gyrus activity during deep sleep can trigger parasomnia.
classification
Parasomnias can be classified using various diagnostic classification and encryption systems, such as the "International Classification of Sleep Disorders " published by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) or the ICD-10 , the "International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems ”, which is available in the tenth revision (2011).
| Overview of the various classifications of sleep behavior according to ICSD-R and ICD-10 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Awakening disorders (arousal disorders) | |||
| ICSD-R | ICD-10 | ||
| 307.46-2 | Drowsiness | F51.8 | Other non-organic sleep disorders |
| 307.46-0 | Sleepwalking | F51.3 | Sleepwalking |
| 307.46-1 | Pavor nocturnus | F51.4 | Pavor nocturnus |
| Disorders of the sleep-wake transition | |||
| 307.3 | Sleep disturbance due to rhythmic movement | F98.4 | Stereotypical movement disorder |
| 307.47-2 | Twitching to sleep | G47.8 | Other sleep disorders |
| 307.47-3 | Speak in your sleep | F51.8 | Other non-organic sleep disorders |
| 729.82 | Night cramps in the calves | R25.2 | Cramps and spasms of the muscles |
| REM sleep- associated parasomnias | |||
| 307.47.0 | nightmare | F51.5 | Nightmares (anxiety dreams) |
| 780.56-2 | Sleep paralysis | G47.4 | Narcolepsy and cataplexy |
| 780.53-3 | Impairment of erection during sleep | N48.8 | Other specified diseases of the penis |
| 780.56-4 | Painful erection while sleeping | G47.0 & N48.8 | Difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep and other specified diseases of the penis |
| 780.56-8 | REM sleep dependent asystole (sinus arrest) | I46.8 | Other cardiac arrest |
| 780.59-0 | Behavioral disorder in REM sleep | G47.8 & G25.8 | Other sleep disorders |
| Other parasomnias | |||
| 306.8 | Bruxism | F45.8 & G47.8 | Other somatoform disorders |
| 780.56-0 | Nocturnal enuresis | G98.0 & G47.8 | Inorganic enuresis |
| 780.56-6 | Sleep-related abnormal swallowing syndrome | G45.8 & G47.8 | Other somatoform disorders |
| 780.59-1 | Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia | G47.8 | Other sleep disorders |
| 780.59-3 | Unexplained sudden death syndrome | R96.0 | Sudden death |
| 780.53-1 | Primary snoring | R06.5 | Mouth breathing |
| 770.80 | Childhood sleep apnea | P28.3 | Primary sleep apnea in the newborn |
| 770.81 | Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome | G47.8 | Other sleep disorders |
| 798.0 | Sudden infant death | G47.8 | Other sleep disorders |
| 780.59-5 | Benign neonatal sleep myoclonus | G47.8 | Other sleep disorders |
| 770.59-9 | Other parasomnias | G47.8 | Other sleep disorders |
A special form of sleepwalking is the so-called sexsomnia , in which the affected person carries out sexual acts in non-REM sleep and usually has amnesia for these acts after waking up.
Demarcation
Since 2005 there has been a revised version of the ICSD-R, the ICSD-2 , which differentiates some phenomena and disorders that can occur during sleep from the generic term parasomnia:
There bruxism is assigned to the so-called “sleep-related movement disorders” and the various “sleep-related breathing disorders” such as obstructive sleep apnea form a separate group of sleep disorders in the ICSD-2.
The disorders of falling asleep and staying asleep ( insomnias ), hypersomnias (e.g. narcolepsy ) and circadian sleep-wake rhythm disorders (e.g. jet lag ) each form their own subgroups of sleep disorders in the ICSD-2.
Phenomena such as speaking during sleep ( somniloquia ), twitching to sleep and (compensated) snoring are normal variants with no disease value. They are classified in the ICSD-2 under "Isolated symptoms, obvious norm variants and unsolved problems".
The syndrome of sudden unexpected death during sleep ( sudden unexpected death during sleep , SUDS) has been described (mainly Filipino) descent, especially in young men of Asian. It occurs in families and, according to current knowledge, is caused by ventricular fibrillation ( sudden cardiac death ). It is not a parasomnia, but a physical disease that is classified in Appendix A of ICSD-2.
literature
- American Academy of Sleep Medicine: International Classification of Sleep Disorders Diagnostic and Coding Manual (ICSD-2). 2005.
- Helga Peter (ed.): Encyclopedia of sleep medicine. Springer, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-28839-8 .
- Boris Stuck (Ed.): Practice of sleep medicine: sleep disorders, sleep-related movement and breathing disorders, snoring. Springer, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-540-88699-0 .
- S1 guidelines for non-organic sleep disorders (F51) of the German Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy (DGKJP). In: AWMF online (as of 2013)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ S3 guideline for non-restful sleep / sleep disorders of the German Society for Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine (DGSM). In: AWMF online (as of 2009)
- ↑ Arte: Documentation sleepwalking youtube.com Position 28:55
- ↑ Deutsches Ärzteblatt Overview of Parasomnias on aerzteblatt.de. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
