Disaffection with parties
In German history, the terms disenchantment with parties and disaffection with parties denote the anti-liberal and anti-democratic attitudes at the beginning of the Weimar Republic , which were directed against the republic and the “ party state ” and, in the tradition of Bismarck, the party state “as a counterpart to the traditional state of offices and officials the constitutional monarchy , understood as a neutral, politically free state, above all free from the 'squabbling of the parties'. ”Among the best-known protagonists of an“ authoritarian solution ”in the nationalistic sense were the representatives of the conservative revolution such as Oswald Spengler and Carl Schmitt .
Since the 1980s, disenchantment with political parties has also been used synonymously with disenchantment with politics or with disaffection with politicians , “political alienation”, “crisis of democracy” or “legitimation problems in late capitalism”.
At the present time, disaffection with parties is mostly a symptom of dissatisfaction with the limited possibilities of those entitled to vote and to correct what they consider to be the "wrong" policy of elected MPs in factual issues through referendums . According to a survey carried out by the opinion research institute insa in January 2017 , 70 percent of those questioned believe that referendums are more “democratic” than votes in the Bundestag. This would suggest that a majority of eligible voters in Germany are not satisfied with a purely representative democracy .
literature
- Essays
- Peter Haungs : The Federal Republic, a party state? Critical Notes on a Scientific Myth . In: Journal for Parliamentary Issues, Vol. 4 (1973), pp. 502-524, ISSN 0340-1758 .
- Peter Lösche : Endless party disaffection? Polemics against the complaints of German politicians, journalists, political scientists and constitutional lawyers. In: Journal for Parliamentary Issues , Vol. 26 (1995), pp. 149-159, ISSN 0340-1758 .
- Peter Lösche: Party State Bonn, Party State Weimar? On the role of parties in parliamentary democracy. In: Eberhard Kolb , Walter Mühlhausen (Hrsg.): Democracy in the Crisis: Parties in the constitutional system of the Weimar Republic. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1997, pp. 141-164, ISBN 3-486-56301-7 .
- Michael Stolleis : Party statehood - symptoms of crisis in the democratic constitutional state? In: Publications of the Association of German Constitutional Law Teachers , Vol. 44 (1986), pp. 7 ff, ISBN 3110108038 .
- Monographs
- Peter Haungs: Party Democracy in the Federal Republic (Contributions to Contemporary History; Vol. 3). 2nd edition Colloquium-Verlag, Berlin 1981, ISBN 3-7678-0530-8 .
- Wilhelm Hennis: The "party state" of the Basic Law. A successful invention (Spiegel document). Spiegel-Verlag, Hamburg 1992.
- Klaus von Beyme : The political class in the party state . Suhrkamp, Frankfurt / M. 1993, ISBN 3-518-28664-1 .
- Volker Ullrich: The Weimar Syndrome. On the history and topicality of party disaffection in Germany . In: Hans-Martin Lohmann : Extremism in the middle. From the right understanding of the German nation . Fischer, Frankfurt / M. 1994, ISBN 3596-12534-0 .
- Peter Lösche, Dieter Dove: Party state in crisis? Considerations after 50 years of the Federal Republic of Germany (History Discussion Group; Vol. 27). Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Bonn 1999, ISBN 3-86077-843-9 .
- Kai Arzheimer: Disaffection with politics. Meaning, use and empirical relevance of a political science term . Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 2002, ISBN 3-531-13797-2 (also dissertation, University of Mainz 2002; online, full text; PDF; 1.3 MB).
- Philip Zeschmann : Ways out of the politicians and party disaffection . Democracy for a civil society . Pro-Universitate-Verlag, Sinzheim 2000, ISBN 3-932490-70-3 .
swell
- ^ A b Peter Lösche: Party state in crisis? Considerations after 50 years of the Federal Republic of Germany
- ↑ a b Volker Ullrich: The Weimar Syndrome. On the history and topicality of party disaffection in Germany . 1994.
- ^ Oswald Spengler: New building of the German Empire . Arnshaugk Verlag, Neustadt 2009, ISBN 978-3-926370-35-8 (EA Munich 1924).
- ↑ Carl Schmitt: The Guardian of the Constitution . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-428-08743-7 (EA Tübingen 1929).
- ↑ Germans are dissatisfied with democracy . Cicero . January 26, 2017