Partido Autonomista Nacional
The Partido Autonomista Nacional ( PAN ) was an Argentine conservative - liberal party that was permanently in power between 1874 and 1916. It was founded in 1874 as a merger of the Partido Autonomista and Partido Nacional parties .
Party profile
The PAN represented the interests of the upper class and played a significant role in the so-called modelo agroexportador , which relied on the export of raw materials from agriculture and gave Argentina a surge in economic growth that made it one of the richest countries on earth at the beginning of the 20th century.
In contrast to the positive importance of its politics for the economy of the country stood the hindrance of political development by the party because of authoritarian power structures. With the help of the so-called máquina electoral , which implied numerous electoral fraud mechanisms as a catchphrase , the party kept the opposition, which at that time was mainly represented by the Unión Cívica Radical , out of power. The party's best-known politician, General Julio Argentino Roca , is also responsible for the genocide of the Mapuche and Tehuelche Indians around 1880, officially known as the desert campaign ( campaña del desierto ).
After the unrest in 1890, an inner-party opposition movement emerged in the PAN, which advocated gradual democratization. This included u. a. Carlos Pellegrini and Roque Sáenz Peña . In 1912, against the resistance of the conservatives, Sáenz Peña was able to push through the initially final democratization by introducing free, secret and compulsory elections for all male citizens. Women's suffrage was not introduced until the 1940s under Juan Perón .
The opposition UCR was able to prevail in the first elections after the election law was changed. As a result, the party drifted into insignificance and was dissolved after a short time.
President
The following presidents of Argentina belonged to the PAN:
- Nicolás Avellaneda (1874–1880)
- Julio Argentino Roca (1880–1886, 1898–1904)
- Miguel Juárez Celman (1886–1890)
- Carlos Pellegrini (1890-1892)
- Luis Sáenz Peña (1892–1895)
- José Evaristo Uriburu (1895–1898)
- Manuel Quintana (1904–1906)
- José Figueroa Alcorta (1906-1910)
- Roque Sáenz Peña (1910-1914)
- Victorino de la Plaza (1914-1916)
literature
- Natalio Botana: El órden conservador. La política argentina entre 1880 y 1916 , Editorial Sudamericana, Buenos Aires, ISBN 950-07-0282-7 ( abstract (Spanish) )
Web links
- La República Liberal - Description of Argentine history between 1880 and 1916 (Spanish)