Paschalik Berat
The Paschalik Berat ( Albanian Pashallëku i Beratit , Turkish Berat Paşalığı ) was a Paschalik in central Albania . It was built by Ahmet Kurt Pascha in 1774 and dissolved in 1809 after Ahmet's ally and successor Ibrahim Pascha was defeated by Tepedelenli Ali Pascha by Berat . This incorporated the Paschalik into the Paschalik Janina ruled by him .
Establishment and rule of Ahmet Pasha
The Paschalik Berat was established after Ahmet Kurt Pascha had managed to ally himself with the Sublime Porte against Mehmed Pascha Bushati in 1774 . The Sultan gave him territories in central Albania for his services. He managed to expand the paschalik until his death in 1787 and to incorporate territories throughout central Albania. Ahmet Kurt Pascha himself was the grandfather of Ali Pascha Tepelena , i.e. the father of Ali's mother Hanka.
economy
The Albanians of both religions ( Islam and Christianity) were equally independent and ungovernable. They did not pay a poll tax ( haraç ) or any other tax, but recognized the authority of the Pasha of Berat. All the people of Himara, for example, paid thirty paras per capita per year to Ibrahim Pasha of Berat for the freedom to trade with his ports. The residents of Himara enjoyed joint grazing rights in the area, the right to gather Velanidhi in the mountains and to fish in the northern bay of Porto Palermo . They grew corn and wheat.
Conquest by Ali Pasha
After the death of Ahmet Kurt Pascha, the territory of the Paschalik was ruled by his close ally Ibrahim Pascha von Berat. The central location of his area made it easy for attacks, which is why Ali Pasha attacked the Paschalik of Berat. After unsuccessful negotiations, Ibrahim Pasha sent a unit of troops under the command of his brother Sephir , the Bey of Vlora . Against this Ali conjured up the Martolus of Thessaly ; and after several villages had been burned down, peasants robbed, and herds of cattle stolen from both sides, a peace was finally agreed. Ibrahim gave his daughter to Ahmet Muchtar Pascha, Ali's eldest son, for marriage and disputed territory as a dowry . Since Sephir had excellent military skills, it is believed that Ali Pasha had him poisoned with the help of a doctor, and then the perpetrator of the crime as well, so that no witness was left. Ali Pasha said that he would rule the paschalik of Berat, become vizier of Epirus , fight the sultan and eventually go to Constantinople . Ali Pasha defeated Ibrahim Pasha in 1808 and eventually incorporated his territory into the Paschalik of Janina.
literature
- History of Albanian People Albanian Academy of Sciences . ISBN 99927-1-623-1
Individual evidence
- ^ François Pouqueville : Travels in Epirus, Albania, Macedonia, and Thessaly
- ^ William Martin Leake : Travels in Northern Greece . Volume I. London 1835 ( source at Google Books ).
- ^ Thomas Keightley: History of the War of Independence in Greece . tape 1 . Constable, Edinburgh 1830.
- ^ Frederick William Hasluck : Christianity And Islam Under The Sultans . tape II . Oxford At The Clarendon Press., 1929, RELIGION. THEOLOGY; Prehistoric and primitive religions.