Patent neck
As jibe (British English accidental jibe; crash jibe American English uncontrolled jibe ), a neck designated, which takes place unintentionally and without preparation vessel and crew. The big boom beats from one side of the ship to the other at high speed when the wind suddenly grabs the sail from the (supposed) lee side .
Especially in medium to strong winds and a deep space sheet course , jibs are one of the greatest dangers on board a sailing ship. People can be fatally injured or thrown overboard from the tree and the main sheet. Furthermore, the rig can be seriously damaged and the mast broken.
causes
A patent jib occurs when the wind suddenly grabs the sail from the leeward side during a deep space sheet course and a correspondingly wide deflected main sheet . The loosely guided tree then overturns to the other side of the ship with great force. There it is only stopped when the sheet strikes or when it hits a want. If people are in the area of movement of the tree or sheet, they can be seriously injured - especially in the head - or thrown overboard. The momentum of the tree is greater, the larger and heavier the yacht and thus also its tree. Jaws can occur if the helmsman deviates from the desired course and falls too far. On the other hand, the wind can turn and fall more aft than intended. The mistake is favored by a heavily yawing ship, which is temporarily unavoidable, especially when the sea is high. Especially on space sheet courses, the waves usually come from behind and push the ship off course. The failure of the autopilot inevitably leads to a patent jibe if it is not recognized in time.
consequences
The tree turning over will swing over the stern of the boat at great speed, especially when there is a lot of wind. People in the area of movement are typically hit in the head and seriously injured or thrown overboard . Both are potentially life-threatening situations. The danger area is not limited to the path of the tree itself, but also to the sheet attached to it, which ends in the cockpit of many sailing ships. Anyone who sits next to it or wants to climb past the sheet aft or forward is just as at risk. A tree that got out of hand can be difficult to tame. If the tree hits a backstay or a want , this can break, whereupon there is a considerable risk that the mast will break. Even if nobody is seriously injured and “only” financial damage occurs, the journey usually ends in the tow of the sea rescuers . If the accident happens far away from land, one may even have to be disguised , unless the difficult erection of an emergency rig is successful .
Avoidance
In addition to careful steering, there are several safety measures to avoid a joke: You choose a course higher upwind , so that the wind comes in earlier, but this makes the way to the destination longer. Packing away the main sail and securing the main boom effectively prevents the danger of the tree falling over, but reduces the sail area to that of the foresail and somewhat reduces the willingness to maneuver, as it is no longer possible to luff at will. This can be the preferred solution under trade wind conditions.
The standard method for preventing a patent neck is a so-called bull stand . This is a line that leads from the main boom (the extreme end) to the bow of the ship and is secured there or via deflection points in the cockpit. This prevents the tree from moving in either direction (the main sheet secures in the other direction). It is important to get as large an angle as possible between the tree and the line so as not to overload the line. A lack of willingness to maneuver is often seen as a disadvantage of the bull stand, because the sheet and bull stand now have to be moved with a jibe. Especially when cruising , the sail position often remains unchanged for days, so that this disadvantage is put into perspective.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Report on the Platino accident ( en ) Maritime New Zealand. 2016. Accessed November 10, 2018.
- ↑ a b Accident report 166/05 on the accident on board the Sylt Symphony . Federal Bureau for Marine Casualty Investigation . June 1, 2006. Retrieved November 10, 2018.
- ^ Joachim Schult: Segler-Lexikon ; Keyword patent neck; Delius-Klasing-Verlag; Bielefeld 2008; ISBN 978-3-7688-1041-8
literature
- Joachim Schult: Segler-Lexikon ; Keyword patent neck; Delius-Klasing-Verlag; Bielefeld 2008; ISBN 978-3-7688-1041-8