Patriarchal Palace Belgrade
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The Patriarch's Palace is a building in the Serbian capital Belgrade .
history
The palace, first mentioned in writing in 1578, is located in the area of the former city gate Varoš kapija or the district Kosančićev venac . In this part of Belgrade, which extends in the area of the slope to the Sava , a Serbian settlement with the old church of St. Archangel Michael (it was located on the site of the current cathedral) has been formed since the Turkish conquest in 1521 . It was first described in 1578 by the German Protestant traveler Gerlach.
After the reform edict of Hatt-ı Şerif from 1830, the district became the seat of government and the center of cultural and religious life in the Principality of Serbia. In addition to the cathedral, important buildings such as the residence of Princess Ljubica , the metropolis of Belgrade and Karlovci, the state printing office, the prince's chancellery, the magistrate building and the national library were built. Part of the original urban structure of Kosančićev venac has also been preserved.
The Patriarch's Palace was built as the center of the ecclesiastical authorities of the Serbian Orthodox Church in place of the old building of the former metropolis of Belgrade and Karlovci. It dates from the middle of the 19th century, when the cathedral was built.
The state of Serbia had already bought the square on which the building was located in 1818, and next to the building of the metropolitan area there was also the residence of Prince Miloš . The object of the metropolis itself was designed as a single-story, simple building with restrained architectural plastic. Patriarch Varnava had a picture made by Kosta Hakman before it was demolished . He also made a picture of a smaller building in the courtyard of the metropolitan area, in which the head of vožd Karađorđević supposedly rested until he was transferred to Constantinople . Both pictures were given to the Patriarchal Museum in Sremski Karlovci .
The old metropolis had become dilapidated during the 1920s, so it was demolished and a new building erected in its place. In 1930 an initiative started to build the representative Patriarch's Palace in Savinac. In view of the slow construction of the St. Sava Cathedral in the Vračar district, which delayed the construction of other ecclesiastical objects on the future Svetosavski trg square, it was decided, according to the project of the architect Viktor Lukomski, to build a new building on the site of the old metropolis of the Serbian Orthodox Church. The architect of Russian descent designed the project in 1932, it was built from 1932 to 1935.
architecture
As a result of the considerable slope of the floor towards the terrace of the Sava, the building has an unequal number of floors on the elongated sides. The facilities of the Serbian Orthodox Church, offices, archives and the ecclesiastical court are located on the lower and ground floor. The first floor is completely reserved for the Patriarch and includes an apartment, a cabinet, a chapel, a library, a dining room, a reception room and an apartment for high guests. On the second floor are the work rooms - meeting rooms and the hall for the gathering of the archpriests, the synod and the council of patriarchs. An outbuilding with apartments for church dignitaries is attached to the eastern block. In the inner courtyard is the chapel dedicated to St. Simeon des Myronspendenen with a monumental dome. In addition to the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church, the Patriarch's Building includes the Serbian Orthodox Church Museum and the Patriarch's Library.
The architecture of the building had to satisfy the conservative client, so it was designed as a free reinterpretation of Byzantine architecture . The national style is particularly evident in the pyramidal structure of the tiered masses, the arcade niches, arches, consoles and details of the plastic and painted decoration. The spirit of academicism is visible in the structure of the floor space itself and the way the space is distributed, in the three-part horizontal façade areas, the even window openings, the emphasis on the dividing wreaths and the strict use of secondary sculptures. The influence of the then dominant modern views can be seen in the simple, neutral wall surfaces and the characteristic rectangular windows on the top floor of the side wings. The interior has a representative design, but with a certain severity, in accordance with its function.
With regard to the facade design, the massive and festively processed entrance to the cathedral stands out. This entrance is characterized by monumentality, which is emphasized by characteristic, deformed short columns and by motifs of the church architecture of Russian immigrants. The facade is equipped with a relief coat of arms and mosaic. The sculptor Vladimir Zagorodnjuk placed the relief coat of arms of the Patriarchate above the semicircular entrance , which is surrounded by two angels with a bishop's cap. Above the entrance there is a mosaic of John the Forerunner designed by the painter Vladimir Predojević .
use
The collection of the Museum of the Serbian Orthodox Church within the Patriarch's Palace unites the entire development of the Serbian Orthodox Church without highlighting any eparchy, personality or epoch. Although Patriarch Varnava and Professor Radoslav Grujić deserve the greatest credit for opening the museum, it was only opened in 1954 at the time of Patriarch Vikentije. The exhibits come from various sources and the largest part consists of items from the monasteries of Fruška Gora and the monasteries of Eastern Srem, which were sent back from Zagreb, where they were during the occupation in World War II . The rest of the inventory consists of items that Professors Radoslav Grujić and Lazar Marković collected for the museum. The museum's collection includes church paintings, portraits of church dignitaries, old Serbian engravings, handwritten and printed Serbia, all kinds of liturgical vestments, sacred objects, votive offerings, church embroidery, stamps, historical documents, etc.
The Patriarchal Building at 6 Kneza Sime Markovića Street in Belgrade was declared a Cultural Property in 1984.
literature
- On the history of the space: Marko Popović, Prilog proučavanju beogradske srpske varoši - stara Saborna crkva i mitropolitski dvor, glass CDXX Srpske akademije nauke i umetnosti, Odeljenje istorijskih nauka, book 16 - 2012. Belgrade 2012. 147–172; SG Bogunović, Аrhitektonska enciklopedija Beograda XIX i XX veka , Аrhitektura, Belgrade 2005 .; Branko Vujović, Beograd - kulturna riznica, Belgrade 2003; Authors group, Kosančićev venac, Belgrade 1979.
- On the architecture of the patriarchal building: Aleksandar Kadijević, Beogradski period rada arhitekte Viktora Viktoroviča Lukomskog (1920–1943), GGB XLV-XLVI, Belgrade 1998/99. 115-132.
- Marko Popović, Heraldički simboli na javnim zdanjima Beograda, Belgrade 1997.
- Svetozar Dušanić, Мuzej Srpske pravoslavne crkve, Belgrade 2008.
- Dokumentacija Zavoda za zaštitu spomenika kulture grada Beograda.
- Marko Popović, Prilog proučavanja beogradske srpske varoši - stara Saborna crkva i mitropolitski dvor , glass CDXX Srpske akademije nauke i umetnosti, Оdeljenje istorijskih nauka, book 16 - 2012. Belgrade 2012. 147–172.
- Svetozar Dušanić, Мuzej Srpske pravoslavne crkve, Belgrade 2008.
- SG Bogunović, Аrhitektonska enciklopedija Beograda XIX i XX veka , Аrhitektura, Belgrade 2005.
- Branko Vujović, Beograd - kulturna riznica, Belgrade 2003.
- Aleksandar Kadijević, Beogradski period rada arhitekte Viktora Viktoroviča Lukomskog (1920–1943), GGB XLV-XLVI, Belgrade 1998/99. 115-132.
- Marko Popović, Heraldički simboli na javnim zdanjima Beograda, Belgrade 1997.
- Authors group, Kosančićev venac, Belgrade 1979.
Web links
Coordinates: 44 ° 49 ′ 3.3 ″ N , 20 ° 27 ′ 5.5 ″ E