Paul Krause (doctor)

Paul Carl Hieronymus Krause (born November 30, 1871 in Glogau ; † May 7, 1934 at Frücht ) was a German physician (internist, radiology, infectious diseases).

Life

Krause came from a family of craftsmen and farmers and graduated from high school at Matthiasgymnasium in Breslau . He studied medicine in Munich, Kiel (doctorate in 1897), Bonn, Berlin and Freiburg. His teachers included Heinrich Irenaeus Quincke , Eugen Fraenkel , Alfred Knast (1856–1903) and Adolf von Strümpell . After completing his studies, he was an assistant doctor in Kiel (Hygiene Institute), Hamburg (Eppendorf Hospital) and Breslau, where he completed his habilitation in 1902. From 1901 to 1907 he was a senior physician at the Medical Clinic in Breslau. In 1907 he became director of the medical polyclinic in Jena .

In 1909 he became director of the Medical Polyclinic in Bonn with a personal professorship. There he also founded an association to fight tuberculosis in 1910, as he had before in Jena. During World War I he was head of the large typhus hospital of the first to third armies in Spa and advised as an internist in Russia and on the Balkans in Macedonia . From 1924 he was full professor of internal medicine at the newly founded Medical Faculty of the University of Münster and, as its founding dean, was instrumental in its development (appointments, development of radiology with the support of colleagues in Groningen, etc.). In addition, in 1923 he became a secret medical councilor.

He was known for the textbook on medical diagnostics he published, which first appeared in 1909 and was also widely used abroad through various translations, and as an X-ray pioneer in medicine, especially in diagnostics, but also in the investigation of the effects of X-rays Tissue. He replaced bismuth salts with barium sulfate in X-ray diagnostics in the gastrointestinal tract. In 1909 he became the fourth president of the German X-ray Society as the successor to Hermann Gocht in recognition of his services . He made several contributions to the plan and atlas of X-ray diagnostics in internal medicine published by Franz Maximilian Groedel from 1909.

He was a founding member of the Roentgen Association in Breslau, after the First World War the Roentgen Association in Bonn and in 1927 one of the founders of the Rheinisch-Westfälische Roentgengesellschaft (RWRG), which founded the German Roentgen Museum in Remscheid-Lennep in 1930, which opened in November 1932 with roentgen celebrations, which Krause was in charge of. In 1931 he was rector of the medical faculty and he was administrative director of the clinics.

The RWRG announces a Paul Krause Prize for Radiology, which was endowed with 5000 euros in 2014.

Incitement of the National Socialists against him and suicide

In 1933/34, the Nazi lecturers led by senior physician Robert Gantenberg (1894–1946) and National Socialist students hunted Krause and denied him his competence. This had no racial reasons, but was due to Krause's criticism of the Heilpraktikergesetz propagated by Rudolf Hess and the Reichsärzteführer Gerhard Wagner with the equation of doctors and naturopaths and the promotion of biological healing methods . Krause wanted to organize a resistance among the Westphalian doctors and initially found support. Krause wanted to overthrow the Reichsärzteführer Wagner by contacting not only the local medical association, but also SA doctors, for which he wrote to Hanns Löhr (1891–1941), the SA group leader and doctor in Bielefeld. The letter was forwarded to Berlin and triggered a violent reaction from Wagner, who persuaded Krause to be dismissed. Krause was by no means alone in his criticism; the medical faculties led by the Berlin faculty also spoke out against it. Krause, who did sympathize with the National Socialists (for whom, however, he was considered an inconvenient representative of the Catholic Center), saw himself offended by his honor and applied for disciplinary proceedings against himself, which the ministry refused and brought him the reproach to have openly turned against members of the government. The National Socialist doctors in Westphalia and at the University of Münster under the guidance of Löhr continued his dismissal and he was boycotted at the university. Löhr, who was scientifically a blank slate, hoped to succeed Krause in the chair. Since he received no support from the rector of the university (who recommended him to take leave until the situation calmed down) and from the ministry, he submitted his application for emeritus status on May 3, 1934. Four days later he shot himself in the forest of Frücht near Bad Ems in front of the grave of Freiherr von Stein , whom he adored. He was buried in Bonn at his own request, after his body was used for radiological experiments as requested in the will.

The suicide led to remorse for those who were involved but did not belong to the radical National Socialists. Löhr had no chance of a successor, but the National Socialist and hematologist Viktor Schilling later succeeded him. The Heilpraktikergesetz (Heilpraktikergesetz) was initially stopped and only came into force in a weaker form in 1939.

Fonts

• Contributions (trachea, mediastinal and lung tumors, bronchial diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis, blood vessels) in: Franz Maximilian Groedel (Ed.): Atlas and floor plan of X-ray diagnostics in internal medicine , Lehmann's medical atlases 7, Munich: Lehmanns 1909, digitized
• Editor and co-author: Textbook of the clinical diagnosis of internal diseases, with special consideration of the examination methods , Jena: G. Fischer 1909 and more
• Contributions to the manual of internal medicine , Volume 1, Springer, 1911

literature

• Ursula Ferdinand, Johannes Kirchner: Privy Councilor Prof. Dr. med. Paul Krause (1871–1934) - pioneer of X-ray diagnostics and early victim of the National Socialist regime, link to the essay at Münster-wiki

Web links

• Biography and estate at the University of Münster

Individual evidence

1. ^ Paul Krause Prize 2014, Deutsches Ärzteblatt