Viktor Schilling

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Viktor Schilling (born August 28, 1883 in Torgau , † May 30, 1960 in Rostock ) was a German internist and hematologist .

Life

Schilling came in 1883 as the son of General Doctor Rudolf Schilling (1850–1919) and his wife Ernestine, b. Blech (1856–1927) to the world. In 1903 he passed his Abitur examination in Allenstein . Schilling then studied medicine at the Kaiser Wilhelm Academy in Berlin and received his doctorate in 1909. From 1910 to 1913 Schilling was a military doctor at the Institute for Ship Diseases and Tropical Diseases in Hamburg . During the First World War he worked as a military hygienist in Galicia , Syria and Russia . He was an advisory hygienist on the General Staff of the Turkish Army. From 1919 Schilling was as a station physician at the First Medical Clinic of the Charité operates. In 1921 he completed his habilitation and was appointed private lecturer for internal medicine in Berlin (from 1922 associate professor). In 1927 Schilling traveled to the young Soviet Union and was able to examine Lenin's corpse. In Berlin he fought against what he saw as medicine that was too heavily Jewish.

After the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists , he joined the NSDAP on May 1, 1933 and became deputy director of the 1st Medical Clinic. In 1934 he took over the management of the internal medicine clinic in Münster. In 1938 he was u in the course of disciplinary proceedings. a. Released from the management of the clinic for abuse of office . Schilling was a member of the scientific senate of the military medical system and headed the laboratory for blood transfusion of the military medical academy in Berlin from 1938 to 1941 .

In 1941 he became a full professor in Rostock. He headed the medical clinic of the University of Rostock from 1941 to 1946 and again from 1948 until his retirement in 1957. There, Schilling arranged a. a. the construction of the new clinic building on Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse. In 1953 he was named the Great Scientist of the People . In 1957 Schilling received the Bernhard Nocht Medal . In 1958 he was awarded the GDR's Silver Patriotic Order of Merit. In the same year he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Rostock.

plant

According to Karl Bürker , Schilling is considered the nestor of hematology . The blood count (hematogram) and the biological leukocyte curve go back to him. The Schilling counting chamber (chamber for counting leukocytes and erythrocytes), the Schilling index (nuclear displacement index) and the Schilling leukocyte formula were also named after him.

In addition to his medical-academic work, Schilling was also editor of the Medical World and editor of Folia Haematologica in the Third Reich . Here he succeeded persecuted Jewish colleagues (including Hans Hirschfeld ) and opened the medical publication organs of National Socialist propaganda. In his opening lecture at one of the first international hematologist conferences in 1937, Schilling arranged for a devotion to the "patron of German blood" Adolf Hitler and lectured on the "inescapable fate in his own blood on which Adolf Hitler had foresightedly built one of the cornerstones of National Socialism for centuries."

Fonts

  • The blood count and its clinical use . Jena Fischer Verlag 1929 (1943 - 12th edition).
  • Blood count and trauma. 1932.
  • Practical blood theory (1949 - 14th edition).
  • Instructions for diagnosis in the thick blood drop . 1944, 1951.

literature

  • Michael Buddrus , Sigrid Fritzlar: The professors of the University of Rostock in the Third Reich. A biographical lexicon. Saur, Munich 2007, pp. 351–354. ISBN 978-3-598-11775-6 .
  • Stefan Meisel: Prof. Dr. Dr. hc. Viktor Schilling's life and work with special consideration of the Rostock period . Rostock 1999 Univ. Diss.
  • Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Urban & Schwarzenberg (Ed.): Roche Lexicon Medicine . 4th edition. Urban & Schwarzenberg 1998. ISBN 3-541-17114-6 .
  • Peter Schneck:  Schilling, Viktor . In: Who was who in the GDR? 5th edition. Volume 2. Ch. Links, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4 .
  • Hans-Joachim Böttcher : "Schilling, Viktor", in: Important historical personalities of the Düben Heath, AMF - No. 237, 2012, p. 89.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 . Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, second updated edition, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 , p. 535.
  2. ↑ Viktor Schilling: On the morphology, biology and pathology of Kupffer's stellate cells, especially the human liver. Virchow's archive. 1909; 196 : 1-68. doi : 10.1007 / BF01994478
  3. ↑ Victor Schilling: The cell theory of the erythrocyte as the basis for the clinical evaluation of anemic blood findings. Virchow's Archives; 1921; 234 : 548-601. doi : 10.1007 / BF01994512
  4. ↑ Ursula Ferdinand: The synchronization of the medical faculty of the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , in: Research on the history of medicine: Contributions of the "Rheinische Kreis der Medizinhistoriker" , Essen 2013, pp. 217–235
  5. ^ The Reich Minister for Science, Education and National Education. Schilling official penal proceedings. (1939; PDF file; 1.2 MB). Accessed July 28, 2012.
  6. ↑ a b c Wolfram Fischer (editor): Exodus of science from Berlin. de Gruyter, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-110-13945-6 , p. 555 ( digitized version )
  7. ↑ Hitmair A. In memoriam Dr. Hans Hirschfeld. Blood. 1948; 3 : 821.
personal data
SURNAME Schilling, Viktor
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schilling, Victor; Schilling, Viktor Theodor Adolf Georg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German internist and hematologist
DATE OF BIRTH August 28, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Torgau
DATE OF DEATH May 30, 1960
Place of death Rostock