Baboon-like
| Baboon-like | ||||||||||||
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Guinea baboon ( Papio papio ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Papionini | ||||||||||||
| Burnett , 1828 |
The baboon-like (Papionini) are a genus group from the primate family of the vervet monkey relatives (Cercopithecidae). Together with the vervet monkeys (Cercopithecini), they form the subfamily of the cheekbones monkeys (Cercopithecinae).
features
Baboons are medium to large monkeys. Baboons, mandrills and jeladas have a stocky build with a large head and long snouts. Macaques, mangabs and the Kipunji monkey, on the other hand, are smaller, lighter and have no or less pronounced snouts. In the past, these differently built baboons were assigned to two different sub-tribus, the Macacina and the Papionina. However, this does not reflect the actual relationship. Rather, starting from a common ancestor probably similar to a macaque, both types developed several times in a convergent evolution.
Baboons often have a pronounced sexual dimorphism - the males are often significantly larger and heavier than the females, which show a clear swelling of the norms. Arms and legs are strong, arm and leg lengths are more than that of other monkey relatives about the same. The tail can be long or short, but it can also be completely absent (e.g. in Barbary macaques ). Unlike the monkeys , all baboons have a dipole set of chromosomes (2n = 42).
Way of life
With the exception of the black monkeys ( Lophocebus ) baboons spend more time on the ground than most other monkeys. The baboons and many macaques colonized dry forests and savannahs , mandrill-like, black-and-white monkeys and the Kipunji monkey, on the other hand, live in tropical rainforests, the last two are highly arboreal (tree-dwelling). All baboons are diurnal, most of them live in larger social groups with full-grown animals of both sexes.
Internal system
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This group includes around 45 species in seven genera, which are predominantly found in sub- Saharan Africa. Only the macaques predominantly inhabit South, Southeast and East Asia.
- the macaques ( Macaca ), the only genus that lives in Asia (22 species) and North Africa (1 species),
- the baboons ( papio ), which are divided into five or six species,
- the mandrill-like ( mandrillus ), which consist of the 2 types of mandrill and drill ,
- the Gelada or Blood Breast Baboon ( Theropithecus gelada ),
- the white-eyed mangaben ( Cercocebus ) with 6 species,
- the Schwarzm Details ( Lophocebus ) with 6 species,
- and the Kipunji monkey , discovered in 2005 , which is classified in its own genus, Rungwecebus .
The following cladogram shows the internal system of the Papionini:
| Papionini |
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Tribal history
Fossils of baboons are quite common and can be dated back to the Middle Miocene . A total of three genera, now extinct, have been described, including Pliopapio from the early Pliocene of Ethiopia.
literature
- Thomas Geissmann : Comparative Primatology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin et al. 2003, ISBN 3-540-43645-6 .
- Clifford J. Jolly: Tribe Papionini. Page 157–158 in: Jonathan Kingdon, David Happold, Michael Hoffmann, Thomas Butynski, Meredith Happold and Jan Kalina (eds.): Mammals of Africa Volume II: Primates , Bloomsbury, London, 2013 ISBN 978-1-4081-2252- 5
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Jolly (2013), p. 158.
- ↑ a b Jolly (2013), page 157.
- ↑ Stephen R. Frost: New early Pliocene Cercopithecidae (Mammalia, Primates) from Aramis, Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia. American Museum novitates; No. 3350
